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ANP 1107 > Lecture 11 > Flashcards

Lecture 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the only formed elements that are complete cells

A

Leukocytes

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2
Q

Name all 5 leukocytes

A

Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils

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3
Q

What is leukocytosis

A

body’s response to bacterial or viral invasion

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4
Q

What is the name for the bodys response to bacterial or viral invasion

A

Leukocytosis

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5
Q

What are the two categories of leukocytes

A

Granulocytes
Agranulocytes

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6
Q

Name all the granulocytes

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

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7
Q

Name all the agranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes
Monocytes

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8
Q

What ending is associated with Granulocytes

A

Phil

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9
Q

What ending is associated with agranulocytes

A

Cyte

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10
Q

What is the acronym giving leukocytes in decreasing order of concentration in blood

A

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

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11
Q

What is the least concentrated leukocyte

A

Basophils

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12
Q

What is the most concentrated leukocyte

A

Neutrophils

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13
Q

What kind of leukocytes are spherical with lobed nuclei

A

Granulocytes (the phils)

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14
Q

What kind of leukocytes look like they have multiple nuclei but only have 1

A

Granulocytes

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15
Q

What leukocyte is over 50% of all leukocytes

A

Neutrophils

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16
Q

What leukocyte has 2 types of granules?

A

Neutrophils

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17
Q

What do neutrophil granulocytes contain

A

Hydrolytic enzymes
Defensins (antibiotic proteins)

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18
Q

What are polymorphic leukocytes

A

Means theyre leukocytes with many shaped nucleus

Neutrophils

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19
Q

What do phagocytes do

A

Ingest and destroy bacteria

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20
Q

What leukocyte is 2-4% of all leukocytes

A

Eosinophils

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21
Q

What leukocyte has nuclei that look like an old phone

A

Eosinophils

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22
Q

What leukocyte is effective against parasitic worms

A

Eosinophils

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23
Q

What leukocyte has higher numbers during allergic reactions

A

eosinophils

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24
Q

What leukocyte tries to lower the intensity of allergic reactions

A

Eosinophils

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25
What leukocyte has cytoplasmic granules that contain histamine
Basophils
26
What does histamine do
Makes BV leaky and attracts other WBC
27
What leukocyte has an S or U shaped dark purple nucleus
Basophils
28
What group of leukocytes have no visible granules
Agranulocytes
29
What group of leukocytes have spherical or kidney shaped nuclei
Agranulocytes
30
Where do most lymphocytes hang out
Lymphoid tissue
31
Name 2 types of lymphocytes
T cells B cells
32
What is the largest leukocyte
Monocyte
33
What leukocyte is phagocytic in chronic infections (ex TB)
Monocytes
34
What leukocyte is phagocytic against acute infections
Neutrophils
35
What leukocyte differentiates into macrophages
Monocytes
36
What is the shape of a monocyte nucleus
Kidney shaped or U shaped
37
What is leukopoiesis
production of new white blood cells
38
What is the name for production of new WBC
leukopoiesis
39
What is the stem cell for RBC, WBC and platelets
Hemocytoblast
40
What does the hemocytoblast develop into
Myeloid stem cell Lymphoid stem cell
41
What does the myeloid stem cell differentiate into
Myeloblasts Monoblasts
42
What leukocytes does the myeloblast differentiate into
Eosinophil Neutrophil Basophil
43
What does the monoblast differentiate into
monocyte
44
What commited cell do the granulocytes come from
Myeloblast
45
What is the commited cell that lymphocytes are derived from
Lymphoblast
46
What is the stem cell that leads to lymphocytes
Lymphoid stem cell
47
What is the only leukocyte that is not derived from myeloid stem cells
Lymphocytes
48
What is leukemia
Cancer of WBCs
49
When is leukemia acute vs chronic
Acute if derived from a blast type cell Chronic if from cells at later stages
50
What is going ono with WBCs in leukemia
WBC numerous but not functional
51
What happens to the WBC with mono
Large numbers of large and abnormally shaped lymphocytes
52
What is leukopenia
Abnormally low WBC count
53
What disease causes giant enlarged lymphocytes
Mononucleosis
54
What kind of defense protects without having to identify the foreign invaders
Innate
55
What type of immunity recognizes the specific target
Adaptive immunity
56
What is a PAMP
pathogen associated molecular pattern
57
What is a DAMP
damage associated molecular patterns
58
Define PAMP
patterns associated with molecules not normally present in the body
59
Define DAMP
patterns of molecules in the wrong place in our body (dna in cytoplasm)
60
Are PAMP/DAMP innate or adaptive immunity
Innate
61
What do toll like receptors do
Recognize PAMPs; phagocytize whatever is not deemed normal
62
Where would you find toll like receptors
On the surface of phagocytic cells
63
What are the 4 key signs of inflammation
redness heat swelling pain
64
Name 4 reasons inflammation is helpful
prevents spread of microorganisms disposes of cell debris and pathogens sets the stage for repair processes alerts the adaptive immune system
65
What are released by cells when injured
inflammatory chemicals
66
Margination
movement of particles in flow towards the wall of a channel (clinging to the wall)
67
Diapedesis
the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries (neutrophils flatten and squeeze out)
68
Chemotaxis
WBCs following the chemical trail
69
How do monocytes become macrophages
They turn into macrophages once they get to the tissues, but travel as monocytes
70
Is interferon virus specific
Nope
71
What secretes interferon
virus infected cells
72
What does interferon do
binds with receptors on healthy cells, to encourage production of enzymes to break down the viral RNA Also to prevent protein synthesis in healthy cells
73
What is complement
A group of plasma proteins circulating in the blood (inactive)
74
What is the name for the group of inactive plasma proteins circulating in the blood
Complement
75
movement of particles in flow towards the wall of a channel (clinging to the wall)
Margination
76
the passage of blood cells through the intact walls of the capillaries (neutrophils flatten and squeeze out)
Diapedesis
77
WBCs following the chemical trail during inflammation
Chemotaxis
78
Opsonin
a substance that binds to foreign microorganisms to make them more susceptible to phagocytosis
79
What functions as an opsonin
Complement
80
What are natural killer cells
A non specific lymphocyte
81
what is the major histocompatibility complex
A group of markers that mark all our nucleated cells
82
When would a cell reduce their expression of MHC 1
cells infected with viruses
83

ANP 1107 (21 decks)

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