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ANP 1107 > Lecture 16 > Flashcards

Lecture 16 Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

What 3 things have to happen for micturition

A

Detrusor muscle must contract
Internal urethral sphincter must open
External urethral sphincter must open

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2
Q

Where is the detrusor muscle

A

The wall of the bladder

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3
Q

What is the role of the pontine storage center

A

Inhibits micturition

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4
Q

What is the role of the pontine micturition center

A

Promotes micturition

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5
Q

What is stress incontinence

A

Incontinence as a result from increased abdominal pressure - sneezing, laughing

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6
Q

What is incontinence

A

The inability to control micturition voluntarily

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7
Q

What is urinary retention

A

bladder unable to expel urine

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8
Q

What is renal failure

A

Running out of nephrons that work properly

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9
Q

How can prolonged pressure on skeletal muscle cause renal failure

A

As muscle cells get broken, they release a lot of substances that go into the blood, and can damage the kidney

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10
Q

When is dialysis needed

A

once renal functioning is below 25%

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11
Q

What is hemodialysis

A

artificially filtering blood through a machine

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12
Q

What is peritoneal dialysis

A

filtering blood through BV of the peritoneal membrane

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13
Q

What is the liquid infused with peritoneal dialysis

A

Dialysate

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14
Q

What is dialysate composed of

A

Mostly salts and sugars

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15
Q

Why is dialysate composed of mostly salts and sugars

A

to encourage filtration - very high solute concentration

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16
Q

What is Dialysate

A

the liquid infused with peritoneal dialysis

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17
Q

How is dialysate infused into the peritoneal cavity

A

through a catheter

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18
Q

What are the two types of peritoneal dialysis

A

Continuous ambulatory
Continuous cycling

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19
Q

What is continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

A

Where you put a 2L of dialysate into peritoneal cavity, wait 4-5 hours and drain it back into the bag

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20
Q

How many times a day do you do CAPD

A

about 4-5

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21
Q

What machine does CCPD use

A

a cycler

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22
Q

How long does each CCPD cycle last

A

1-1.5 hours

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23
Q

When is CCPD done

A

At night while patient sleeps

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24
Q

What is done during CCPD

A

The cycler does multiple exchanges, so it’ll fill the cavity, filter, drain, and repeat every once in a while

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25
What is 60% of your total body fluid
Intracellular fluid
26
What is 40% of your total body fluid
extracellular fluid
27
What are the two parts of extracellular fluid
Interstitial fluid Plasma
28
What percent of ECF is interstitial fluid
80%
29
What percent of ECF is plasma
20%
30
What volume is ICF
25L
31
What volume is ECF
15L
32
What has greater osmotic power: electrolytes or non-electrolytes
Electrolytes: because they break down into 2 solutes ie/ NaCl - Na + Cl
33
In ECF the chief cation is ____
sodium
34
In ECF the chief anion is ____
chloride
35
In ICF the chief cation is ____
potassium
36
In ICF the chief anion is ____
phosphate
37
Changes in solute concentrations in blood plasma will affect ______ fluid volumes
Intracellular
38
What is your typical plasma osmolairty
280-300mOsm
39
What two things happen when you have increased plasma osmolairty
You get thirsty ADH stimulates renal water reabsorption
40
What two things happen when you have decreased plasma osmolality
Thirst not stimulated ADH not secreted
41
What are the 3 obiligatory water losses
Insensible via skin/lungs Via feces Urinary loss
42
What happens with dry mouth
Osmoreceptors of hypothalamic thirst center lose water to hypertonic ECF: become irritable and depolarize
43
When does dry mouth occur
increase of plasma osmolality of 1-2%
44
What occurs with an increase of plasma osmolality of 1-2%
Dry mouth
45
When do baroreceptors trigger thirst mechanims
When plasma volume is down 5-10%
46
A decrease in what percent of plasma volume triggers baroreceptors
5-10%
47
What is hypotonic hydration
Too much water intake, water enters cells, cells swell
48
What is edema
Accumulation of fluid (and salts) in IF but not inside cells
49
Accumulation of fluid (and salts) in IF but not inside cells
Edema
50
Too much water intake, water enters cells, cells swell
Hypotonic hydration
51
What percent of the ECF solutes is sodium
90-95%
52
What two things does sodium determine
Plasma osmolality Blood volume
53
What does aldosterone do
Signals reabsorption of sodium
54
What percent of sodium is reabsorbed even without aldosterone
85%
55
What is the most influential sodium agent at the level of the kidney
Aldosteron
56
Does aldosterone act quickly or slowly
Slowly
57
What two things stimulate aldosterone secretion
Renin-angiotensin system High K+ or low Na+
58
What 3 things are renin secreted in response to
Sympathetic NS decreased filtrate osmolarity Decreased stretch of afferent arteriole
59
What is addison's disease
Hyposecretion of aldosterone: loss of Na+ and water in urine
60
What disease is signified by hyposecretion of aldosterone
Addison's disease
61
What is the main function of ADH
increase water reabsorption in the collecting ducts
62
What receptors (and where) are the first signals for ADH
Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus
63
If there is a high plasma osmolality, name the pathway of signals for ADH sescretion
Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus stimulates: Posterior pituitary: releases ADH ADH targets collecting ducts water reabsorption goes up
64
What does ANF exist to do
Protect the heart from high bp
65
What is ANF's full name
Atrial natriuretic factor
66
What effect does ANF have on bp
Lowers it
67
When is ANF released
by cells in the atria when bp is elevated
68
What 3 things does ANF do
inhibits Na reabsorption (DCT, collecting duct) Lowers release of ADH, renin and aldosterone Induces vasodilation
69
What hormone is estradiol similar to
Aldosterone
70
What does progesterone do
Has a minor diuretic effect
71
What hormone is cortisol similar to
Aldosterone
72
What is pressure diuresis
When blood volume/pressure goes up, sympathetic output to kidney goes down
73
What is the result of pressure diuresis
Dilation of afferent arterioles; higher GFR

ANP 1107 (21 decks)

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