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ANP 1107 > Lecture 19 > Flashcards

Lecture 19 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the starting point in spermatogenesis

A

Spermatogonium

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2
Q

Name the 4 steps of spermatogenesis

A

Spermatogonium
Primary spermatocyte
Secondary spermatocyte
Spermatid

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3
Q

With each mitotic division of spermatic stem cells, what do each daughter cells become

A

One stays a stem cell to maintain the population

The other becomes a primary spermatocyte and will enter meiosis

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4
Q

What is the starting point of meiotic division

A

primary spermatocyte

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5
Q

What does the first round of meiosis yield

A

2 secondary spermatocytes

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6
Q

what chromosomes/chromatids associated with secondary spermatocytes

A

23 Chromosomes, 46 chromatids

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7
Q

What do secondary spermatocytes divide into

A

Spermatid

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8
Q

What has 22 autosomal chromosomes plus one X or Y chromosome

A

Spermatids

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9
Q

What daughter cell stays to become a stem cell

A

Type A

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10
Q

What daughter cell goes into meiosis

A

Type B

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11
Q

What are spermatozoan

A

More well formed sperm, have the head tail, etc

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12
Q

What is spermiogenesis

A

Going from spermatid to spermatozoan

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13
Q

What two processes are necessary in spermiogenesis

A

Reorganization of nucleus and cytoplasm

Development of flagellum

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14
Q

Spermatids and spermatocytes at various stages are embedded in what cells

A

Sertoli

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15
Q

Where do sertoli cells sit

A

On basement membrane

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16
Q

What two compartments do tight junctions create

A

Basal compartment
Adluminal compartment

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17
Q

All stages after initiation of meiosis occur in what type of environment

A

Avascular

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18
Q

What creates the avascular environment

A

Tight junctions create a blood-testes barrier

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19
Q

Name 5 things sertoli cells do

A

Nourish developing spermatozoa
Secrete fluid into seminiferous tubule lumen
Digest cytoplasm discarded by spermatozoa
bind FSH and testosterone
Produce inhibin

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20
Q

Where are the leydig cells

A

Between the seminiferous tubules

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21
Q

Why is it important for Leydig cells to be vascularized

A

Because they secrete testosterone and it can get into the blood stream

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22
Q

How long does sperm spend in the epididymis

A

20 days

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23
Q

What are PGs

A

Prostaglandins

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24
Q

What is the internal genitalia of the female reproductive system

A

Ovaries

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25
What are the femal accessory ducts
Uterine tubes Uterus Vagina
26
What is the external female genitalia
Vulva
27
What are the ovaries anchored by
Ligaments
28
What is the source of GnRH
Hypothalamus
29
What is the role of GnRH
Makes anterior pituitary release FSH and LH
30
What is the source of FSH
Anterior pituitary
31
What is the source of LH
Anterior pituitary
32
What is the role of FSH
indirectly stimulates spermatogenesis by making sustenocytes release ABP which keeps local testosterone levels high
33
What is the role of LH
stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone
34
what is the source of testosterone
Leydig cells
35
what is the role of testosterone
stimulate maturation of sex organs, maintenance of secondary sex characteristics, libido
36
what is the souce of inhibin
Sertoli cells
37
What is the role of inhibin
Decrease FSH release from anterior pituitary
38
What is the external surface of the ovary covered by
tunica albuginea
39
tunica albuginea covers what
external surface of the ovary
40
what is the final outer covering of the ovary
germinal epithelium
41
what is the germinal epithelium
final outer covering of the ovary
42
What would you find in the ovarian cortex
follicles oocytes granulosa cells theca cells
43
What is the corpus luteum formed from
ovulated follicles every moth
44
what recieves the egg/provides site for fertilization
oviducts (fallopian tubes, uterine tubs)
45
what is the isthmus
a narrowing of the uterine cavity
46
What are fimbriae
finger-like projections on the ends of your fallopian tubes closest to your ovaries
47
What is the role of fimbriae
catch the egg that one of your ovaries releases during ovulation
48
what is the major channel of your fallopian tube
ampulla
49
what is the ampulla
major channel of your fallopian tube
50
What is the beginning of the uterine tube
infundibulum
51
what is the infundibulum
beginning of the uterine tube
52
What is the external covering of the oviducts
visceral periotneum
53
What is the visceral periotneum of the uterine tubes supported by
mesosalpinx
54
in nulliparous women, what is the shaoe of the uterus
inverted pear
55
what is the word for a woman who hasnt given birth to a child
nulliparous
56
What is the internal os
uterus to cervis
57
what is the external os
cervix to vagina
58
what is the function of the cervical glands
release mucus to fill cervical canal and cover external os
59
What is the purpose of the mucus covering external os
prevents infection
60
when is the mucus less viscous
at midcycle
61
what is the fundus of your uterus
The uppermost and widest part of your uterus
62
What is The uppermost and widest part of your uterus
the fundus
63
What is the body of the uterus
The main part of the uterus; includes uterine cavity
64
Whats the name for the main part of the uterus
Body
65
Where does the mesometrium ligament support
The uterus laterally
66
where do the cardinal ligaments support
from cervix/upper vagina to lateral walls of pelvis
67
what supports from cervix/upper vagina to lateral walls of pelvis
cardinal ligaments
68
What supports the uterus laterally
mesometrium
69
where do uterosacral ligaments support
to sacrum posteriorly
70
what supports the uterus to sacrum
uterosacral ligaments
71
what do round ligaments support
uterus to anterior body wall
72
what supports the uterus to anterior body wall
round ligaments
73
What are the 3 layers of the uterine wall
perimetrium myometrium endometrium
74
What are the two components of the endometrium
stratum functionalis stratum basalis
75
what is the perimetrium
visceral peritoneum
76
what is the myometrium
middle - interlacing bundles of smooth muscles
77
what is the endometrium
simple columnar epithelium and thick lamina propria
78
Name the order of vascular supply
uterine arteries arcuate arteries radial arteries straight (basalis)/spiral (functionalis)
79
what kind of arteries would you find in the stratum basalis
straight
80
What kind of arteries would you find in the stratum functionalis
spiral
81
what are the three layers of the vagina
adventitia musclularis mucosa
82
what is the hymen
incomplete vascular partition of mucosa near vaginal orifice
83
Erection is under what control
parasympathetic
84
Ejaculation is under what control
sympathetic
85
what are myoid cells
smooth muscle cells that surround each seminiferous tubules
86
where is the compacted DNA in a sperm
The head
87
what part of the sperm contains enzymes to help penetrate an egg
acrosome
88
what part of the sperm contains mitochondria
midpiece
89
what compartment of the seminiferous tubule contains spermatogonia and primary spermatiocytes
basal compartment
90
what compartment of the seminiferous tubule contains the meiotically active cells
adluminal
91

ANP 1107 (21 decks)

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