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ANP 1107 > Lecture 18 > Flashcards

Lecture 18 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scrotum

A

Sack of skin that houses the testicles

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2
Q

What is the sack of skin that houses the testicles

A

The scrotum

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3
Q

What provides one compartment per testis

A

A midline septum

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4
Q

What is the scrotum temps comparted to the body

A

3 degrees lower

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5
Q

Why is it colder in the scrotum than the body

A

Spermatogenesis cannot occur at normal body temps

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6
Q

What are the two tunics of the testicles

A

Tunica vaginalis
Tunica albuginea

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7
Q

What is the outer layer of the testicle

A

Tunica vaginalis

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8
Q

How many layers is the tunica vaginalis

A

2

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9
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis derived from

A

The peritoneum

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10
Q

What is the fibrous capsule of the testes

A

Tunica albuginea

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11
Q

What testes tunica has septal extensions that divide each testis into 250-300 wedge shaped lobules

A

Tunica albuginea

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12
Q

How many seminiferous tubules in each lobule

A

1-4

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13
Q

What do the cremaster and dartos muscles do

A

Control how far the testes are from the male’s body

Contracts on a cold day to keep warm and vice versa

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14
Q

What muscles control how close the testes are to the body

A

cremaster
Dartos

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15
Q

What is the pathway that sperm takes to the vas deferens

A

Seminiferous tubules
Straight tubule
Rete testes
Efferent ductules
Epididymis

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16
Q

What do the leydig cells produce

A

Androgens

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17
Q

What cell produces androgens

A

Leydig cells

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18
Q

Where are the leydig cells

A

Betwen the seminiferous tubules

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19
Q

Where do the testicular arteries branch from

A

Abdominal aorta

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20
Q

What do the testicular veins form

A

Pampiniform plexus

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21
Q

What is the pampiniform plexus

A

The network of vein leaving the testis

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22
Q

What is the function of the pampiniform plexus

A

It’s near the testicular artery, and is branched out to allow the blood to warm quickly before going back to systemic circulation

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23
Q

Where does the head of the epididymis recieve sperm from

A

The efferent ductules

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24
Q

Describe the sperm that enter the epididymis

A

Immature, nonmotile

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25
How long does it take to traverse the epididymis
20 days
26
When do sperm gain the ability to swim
In the epididymis
27
What happens to the epididymis during ejaculation
The tail contracts and forces the sperm out
28
How long can sperm last
a couple months
29
How long is the vas deferens
45 cm
30
What is another name for the vas deferens
Ductus deferens
31
What is another name for the tubulus rectus
Straight tubule
32
What is the ejaculatory duct
short part of tubing before the urethra and vas deferens meet
33
what is a vasectomy
cutting the vas deferens, very low risk
34
What are the three regions of the urethra
Prostatic urethra Intermediate part of urethra Spongy urethra
35
Where is the prostatic urethra
Travelling through the prostate gland
36
Where is the intermediate part of the urethra
It passes through the urogenital diaphragm
37
When does the urethra become the spongy urethra
As soon as it enters the penis
38
What percent of semen volume do the seminal vesicles contribute
70%
39
Where are the seminal vesicles
At the posterior wall of the bladder
40
Why is the seminal vesicle's secretions yellow
Due to flavin proteins
41
What is contained in the seminal vesicle fluid
Nutrition for sperm, and other substances to promote motility and fertilization
42
What nutrition do sperm use
Fructose
43
Do sperm use glucose
Nope
44
What is the function of coagulating enzyme
Prevents sperm from spilling out, it gels up the semen
45
What gels up the sperm to prevent it from spilling out
Coagulating enzyme
46
What percent of semen volume does the prostate gland give
1/3
47
What gives semen the milky secretion
Prostate gland
48
Where are the bulbourethral glands
Inferior to the prostate glands
49
What do the bulbourethral glands do
Neutralizes acid residue in urethra from urine, and acidity of vagina
50
What gland produces an alkaline mucus to neutralize acidity
Bulbourethral glands
51
What are the two parts of the external genitalia
Penis Scrotum
52
What composes the penis
Attached root Free shaft (body)
53
What is another word for the foreskin
Cuff of skin around the glands
54
What is the glans penis
The tip of the penis
55
What is the name for the tip of the penis
The glans penis
56
What does the penis contain internally
Spongy urethra 3 corpora of erectile tissue
57
What are the 3 corpora of erectile tissue
2 corpora cavernosa 1 midventral corpus spongiosum
58
What corpus surrounds the urethra
Corpus spongiosum
59
What does the corpus spongiosum surround
Spongy Urethra
60
What is PSA
Prostate specific antigen
61
What could higher levels of PSA indicate
Cancer or enlargement of the prostate gland
62
What do the two corpora cavernosa surround
Deep arteries
63
What is the pH of semen
7.2-76
64
What is the pH of the vagina
3.5-4
65
What is a germ cell
A cell that develops into a reproductive cell
66
What is the source of germ cells and hormones
The testes
67
What do the seminiferous tubules consist of
Sertoli cells Spermatogenesis intermediates
68
What percent of testicle cells are the seminiferous tubules
80
69
Where does spermatogenesis occur
In between sertoli cells
70
What are the steps to go from cholesterol to testosterone
Cholesterol Progesterone Androstenedione Testosterone
71
What is the precursor to testosterone
Androstenedione
72
what are the 4 things that testosterone target
Gonadal actions Somatic Metabolic CNS
73
Gonadotropins are what kind of proteins
Glycoproteins
74
What are the two main gonadotropic hormones
FSH LH
75
What does FSH do
Stimulates sertoli cells to support spermatogenesis
76
What is necessary to begin spermatogenesis
Testosterone
77
What does LH do
Stimulates leydig cells to secrete testosterone
78
What stimulates leydig cells to secrete testosterone
LH
79
What stimulates sertoli cells to support spermatogenesis
FSH
80
What releases LH and FSH
anterior pituitary
81
What is GnRH
gonadotropin releasing hormone
82
What stimulates secretion of FSH and LH
GnRH
83
what secretes gonadotropin releasing hormone
Hypothalamic neurons
84
What releases inhibin
Sertoli cells
85
What do sertoli cells release that inhibits secretion of FSH
Inhibin
86
Why is inhibin important
It allows you to separate and regulate the secretion of LH and FSH separately, since they're secreted together
87
what is the male perineum
suspends the scrotum, contains root of the penis and anus

ANP 1107 (21 decks)

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