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PPOM1 Block 4 > Lecture 147 > Flashcards

Lecture 147 Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does hematopoiesis initially begin in a fetus?

A

In the yolk sac at 3 weeks gestation

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2
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur beginning in the second trimester?

A

Bone marrow

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3
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur in adults?

Be specific

A

Bone marrow of flat bones and proximal femur

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4
Q

Medulla ossium Rubra, AKA

A

Red bone marrow

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5
Q

Medulla ossium Flava, AKA

A

Yellow bone marrow

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6
Q

What are the components of the bone marrow trilineage maturation?

A

Myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic lines

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7
Q

How do you calculate cellularity?

A

Subtract age from 100 and add +/- 10%

40 y/o, 50-70%

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8
Q

What is the monophyletic theory of hematopoeisis?

A

All blood cells arise from the pluripotential stem cell

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9
Q

What surface marker protein defines stem cells?

A

CD34+

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10
Q

Term for when liver, spleen, and lymph nodes resume their embryonic hematopoietic activity?

A

Extramedullary hematopoiesis

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11
Q

Myeloid lineage is associated with what colony forming unit?

A

CFU-GEMM

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12
Q

Lymphoid lineage is associated with what colony forming unit?

A

CFU-L

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13
Q

What does CFU-E stand for?

A

Erythroid-CFU

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14
Q

What does CFU-Meg stand for?

A

Thrombocytic-CFU

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15
Q

What does CFU-GM stand for?

A

Granulocyte-monocyte CFU

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16
Q

What does CFU-Eo stand for?

A

Granulocyte-eosinophil CFU

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17
Q

What does CFU-B stand for?

A

Granulocyte-basophil CFU

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18
Q

What does CFU-E produce?

A

Erythrocytes

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19
Q

What does CFU-Meg produce?

A

Megakaryocytes

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20
Q

What does CFU-GM produce?

A

Granulocytes, monocytes

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21
Q

What does CFU-Eo produce?

A

Eosinophils

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22
Q

What does CFU-B produce?

A

Basophils

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23
Q

What does CFU-L produce?

A

Lymphocytes

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24
Q

What stimulates the hematopoietic stem cell to differentiate into the progenitor cellss?

A

Colony stimulating factors (CSF)

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25
What cytokine promotes proliferation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells?
IL-3
26
What is the primary source of IL-3?
Helper T cells
27
What cytokine stimulates B and T cell activation and development of mast cells and basophils?
IL-4
28
What is the primary source of IL-4?
Helper T cells
29
What cytokine promotes CFU-Eo mitosis and activates eosinophils?
IL-5
30
What is the primary source of IL-5?
Helper T cells
31
What cytokine is responsible for CFU-E differentiation?
Erythropoietin (EPO)
32
Where is EPO primarily produced?
Peritubular endothelial cells of kidney capillaries
33
What cytokine stimulates CFU-Meg proliferation and differentiation?
Trombopoietin (TPO)
34
Where is TPO primarily produced?
Kidney and liver
35
What is the earliest recognizable neutrophil precursor in bone marrow?
Myeloblast
36
3 to 5 nucleoli, small amount of agranular cytoplasm, and stains basophilic (blue) describes what stage of myelopoiesis?
Myeloblast
37
Large spherical nucleus with azurophilic (primary) granules describes what stage of myelopoiesis?
Promyelocytes
38
Azurophilic (primary) granules are only made in what myelopoiesis stage?
Promyelocytes
39
What stage in myelopoiesis do specific granules begin to form?
Myelocytes
40
Nucleus becomes more heterochromatic and becomes indented describes what stage of myelopoiesis?
Myelocytes
41
What stage of myelopoiesis can neutrophil, eosinophil, and basophils be identified based on specific granules?
Metamyelocytes
42
In what stage of myelopoiesis does the nuculeus indentation deepen and become more kidney-bean shaped?
Metamyelocytes
43
A nucleus that is elongated and horseshoe-like shaped describes what stage of myelopoiesis?
Band (stab)
44
When 2 to 4 nuclear lobes are seen in a band, the cell is either:
Mature neutrophil or PMN (polymorphonuclear neutrophil)
45
You cannot differentiate between eosinophilic or basophilic precursors from neutrophilic precursors until what stage?
Late myelocyte stage or early metamyelocyte stage
46
Differentiation and growth of CFU-GM into monocytes is stimulated by:
GM-CSF, IL-3, and M-CSF
47
What are the precursors of monocytes in bone marrow?
Monoblasts and promonocytes
48
Where do monocytes differentiate into macrophages?
In tissues
49
What is the final precursor of erythrocytes in erythropoiesis?
Reticulocytes
50
Small, anucleate cytoplasmic fragments derived from megakaryocytes describes what cell?
Thrombocyte/platelets
51
Multilobulates nucleus with azurophillic granules describe what cell during thrombopoiesis?
Megakaryocyte
52
What stage of thrombopoiesis has a large cell with a nonlobed nucleus?
Megakaryoblast
53
The cytoplasm of megakaryocytes appears divided into small compartments by invagination of plasma membrane is known as:
Platelet demarcation channels
54
What is anemia?
Any condition where the number of RBCs, hemoglobin, or hematocrit are decreased
55
What is polycythemia?
An increase in the total number of RBCs in peripheral blood
56
What is thrombocytopenia?
Abnormally low platelets in peripheral blood
57
What is thrombocytosis?
An increase in the number of platelets in the peripheral blood
58
What is monocytosis?
An increase in the number of monocytes in peripheral blood
59
What is eosinophilia?
An increase in the number of eosinophils in peripheral blood
60
What is leukopenia?
A decrease in the number of leukocytes in peripheral blood
61
What is leukocytosis?
An increase in the number of leukocytes in peripheral blood
62
What is neutropenia?
A decrease in the number of neutrophils in the peripheral blood
63
What is neutrophilia?
An increase in the number of neutrophils in the peripheral blood?
64
What is lymphopenia?
A reduction, relative or absolute, in number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood?
65
What is lymphocytosis?
An increase, actual or relative, number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood
66
What lab value represents the percentage of the volume of a blood sample occupied by cells?
Hematocrit
67
What lab value represents the hemoglobin content of the average RBC?
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
68
What lab value represents the average hemoglobin concentration in a given volume of packed red blood cells?
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
69
Where does extramedullary hematopoiesis occur?
Liver, spleen, and lymph nodes

PPOM1 Block 4 (44 decks)

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