Lecture 176

Question 2

What is folliculitis?

Answer 2

Infection of the hair follicle.

Question 3

What are furuncles?

Answer 3

Deeper infections originating from folliculitis.

Question 4

What are carbuncles?

Answer 4

Aggregates of interconnected furuncles, extending deeper into tissue.

Question 5

What is impetigo?

Answer 5

Superficial skin infection characterized by oozing, vesicular lesions.

Question 6

What are staphylococci?

Answer 6

Non-motile, catalase-positive, gram-positive cocci appearing in clumps.

Question 7

What is the only species of staphylococci that is coagulase positive?

Answer 7

Staph aureus.

Question 8

What type of hemolysis does Staph aureus display?

Answer 8

Beta-hemolysis.

Question 9

What type of hemolysis do S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus display?

Answer 9

Non-hemolytic.

Question 10

What level of sensitivity does S. epidermidis have to Novobiocin?

Answer 10

Sensitive.

Question 11

What level of sensitivity does S. saprophyticus have to Novobiocin?

Answer 11

Resistant.

Question 12

What type of Staph. Aureus toxin causes scalded skin syndrome?

Answer 12

Exfoliative toxins.

Question 13

What type of Staph. Aureus toxin causes toxic shock syndrome?

Answer 13

Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST).

Question 14

What type of staph. Aureus toxins cause food poisoning?

Answer 14

Enterotoxins.

Question 15

How is staph epidermidis implicated in infections related to foreign bodies?

Answer 15

Produces a slime layer (biofilm).

Question 16

What type of infections is staph saprophyticus primarily associated with?

Answer 16

UTIs.

Question 17

What are streptococci?

Answer 17

Non-motile, catalase-negative, gram-positive cocci, typically in chains.

Question 18

What are strep serologic groups based on?

Answer 18

Cell wall carbohydrates.

Question 19

What group is strep pyogenes?

Answer 19

Group A strep.

Question 20

What type of hemolysis does S. pyogenes demonstrate?

Answer 20

Beta-hemolytic.

Question 21

What is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis?

Answer 21

Strep. Pyogenes.

Question 22

What post-streptococcal sequelae occurs after untreated pharyngitis?

Answer 22

Rheumatic fever.

Involves cardiac damage, vasculitis, and joint issues.

Question 23

What post-streptococcal sequelae is characterized histologically by hypercellular glomeruli?

Answer 23

Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN).

Question 24

What is scarlet fever?

Answer 24

Strep. Pyogenes pharyngitis plus a diffuse erythematous rash caused by pyrogenic exotoxins (SPEs).

Question 25

What level of bacitracin susceptibility does Group A strep display?

Answer 25

Sensitive.

Question 26

What group is strep agalactiae?

Answer 26

Group B strep (GBS).

Question 27

What type of hemolysis does S. agalactiae demonstrate?

Answer 27

Beta-hemolytic but can be non-hemolytic.

Question 28

What level of bacitracin susceptibility does Group B strep display?

Answer 28

Resistant.

Question 29

What strep group is a major cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis?

Answer 29

Strep B.

Question 30

What type of hemolysis does viridans streptococci demonstrate?

Answer 30

Alpha-hemolytic but can be non-hemolytic.

Question 31

What strep species is a major cause of bacterial endocarditis?

Answer 31

Viridans streptococci.

Question 32

What type of hemolysis does streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrate?

Answer 32

Alpha-hemolytic.

Question 33

What strep species typically appears as lancet-shaped diplococci on gram stain?

Answer 33

Strep pneumoniae.

Question 34

What is Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Answer 34

Motile, oxidase-positive, gram-negative bacillus that does not ferment sugars.

Question 35

What virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributes to its antibiotic resistance?

Answer 35

Porin protein structure.

Question 36

What bacteria causes pulmonary infections notably in cystic fibrosis patients?

Answer 36

Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Question 37

What is Propionibacterium acnes?

Answer 37

Anaerobic, small, gram positive rod in short chains or clumps that is part of the normal flora of skin.

Question 38

What bacteria is a major cause of acne vulgaris?

Answer 38

Propionibacterium acnes.

Question 39

What are Actinomyces?

Answer 39

Anaerobic, long, branching, filamentous Gram-positive rods that colonize the upper respiratory tract.

Question 40

What is the most common manifestation of actinomycosis?

Answer 40

Cervicofacial, often after dental work.

Question 41

What characteristic feature is found in pus/exudate from lesions caused by Actinomyces?

Answer 41

Sulfur granules.

Question 42

What acid-fast bacillus causes Buruli ulcers?

Answer 42

Mycobacterium ulcerans.

Question 43

What virus causes erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)?

Answer 43

Parovirus B19.