Lecture 180 Flashcards by Taylor Hall

What is a flat, circumscribed lesion differing in color from surrounding skin?

Macule/patch

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What is an elevated dome-shaped or flat-topped lesion?

Papule/nodule

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What is an elevated, flat-topped lesion?

Plaque

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What is a discrete, raised lesion filled with pus?

Pustule

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What is a fluid-filled raised lesion?

Vesicle/bulla/blister

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What is an itchy, transient, elevated lesion with variable blanching and erythema due to dermal edema?

Wheal

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What is diffuse epidermal hyperplasia (thickening of the epidermis)?

Acanthosis

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What is abnormal, premature keratinization of cells below the stratum granulosum?

Dyskeratosis

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What is thickening of the stratum corneum, often with qualitative keratin abnormality?

Hyperkeratosis

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What is a linear pattern of melanocyte proliferation within the epidermal basal cell layer?

Lentiginous

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What is keratinization with retained nuclei in the stratum corneum?

Parakeratosis

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What is intercellular edema (fluid accumulation between cells) within the epidermis?

Spongiosis

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What acute inflammatory dermatoses is caused by localized mast cell degranulation, resulting in wheals?

Urticaria (hives)

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What type of urticaria is a classic type I hypersensitivity reaction to allergens?

Mast cell-dependent, IgE-dependent

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What type of urticaria is caused by certain substances directly triggering mast cell degranulation?

Mast-cell dependent, IgE-independent

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What type of urticaria is triggered by factors increasing vascular permeability directly, such as aspirin?

Mast cell-independent, IgE-independent

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What type of urticaria is caused by a deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor?

Hereditary angioedema

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What acute inflammatory dermatoses appears as dermal edema?

Urticaria

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What acute inflammatory dermatoses is characterized by erythema, edema, vesiculation, and pruritis?

Acute eczematous dermatitis

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How does intercellular edema in the epidermis differ from dermal edema in acute inflammatory dermatoses?

Dermatitis vs. urticaria

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Fluid accumulation in dermatitis can lead to microvesicles due to shearing of ____

Desmosomes

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What chronic, relapsing inflammation is due to skin barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation?

Atopic dermatitis (eczema)

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Eczema commonly affects ____

Affects flexural areas

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What is a rare, self-limiting hypersensitivity reaction, appearing as classic ‘targetoid’ lesions?

Erythema multiforme (EM)

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What is the most common infectious trigger of erythema multiforme (EM)?

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Erythema multiforme appears as symmetrical distribution on ____ surfaces

Extensor

Erythema multiforme (EM) is mediated by ____

T-cells

Erythema multiforme (EM) under histology appears as inflammation centered at the dermal-epidermal junction, aka

Interface dermatitis

What lesions begin as erythematous or purpuric macules, rapidly progressing to flaccid bullae?

SJS/TEN

What chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disorder is characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes?

Psoriasis

Psoriasis typically affects ____ surfaces, scalp, groin, gluteal cleft, and axillae

Extensor

Initial psoriasis outbreak can follow infection or signify new ____

HIV infection

Psoriasis is immune-mediated, primarily driven by ____ and ____ T-cell pathways

Th1 and Th17

HLA-C*06:02 allele is the strongest known genetic risk factor for what chronic inflammatory disorder?

Psoriasis

What are well-demarcated, pink-salmon colored plaques with overlying silvery-white scales?

Psoriasis

What is the development of psoriasis lesions at sites of skin trauma known as?

Koebner phenomenon

What are pinpoint bleeding points when psoriasis scales are lifted known as?

Auspitz sign

What are the histological characteristics of psoriasis?

Acanthosis, parakeratosis, thinning of stratum granulosum, and elongation of Rete ridges

What chronic inflammatory dermatoses is characterized by the 6 P's?

Lichen planus

Lichen planus has a strong association with what infection?

Hepatitis C virus infection

Lichen planus is thought to be a cell-mediated immune response involving ____ cells

CD8+ T-cells

What are fine white dots or lace-like lines associated with lichen planus?

Wickham striae

What are the histological characteristics of lichen planus?

Interface dermatitis, sawtoothing, hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis, and civatte bodies

What are anucleate, necrotic basal keratinocytes associated with lichen planus?

Civatte bodies

What is a common, chronic, relapsing inflammatory condition affecting sebaceous gland-rich areas?

Seborrheic dermatitis

What overgrowth is strongly implicated in seborrheic dermatitis?

Malassezia yeast

How is seborrheic dermatitis treated?

Topical antifungals

What class of blisters are caused by a split occurring below the stratum corneum?

Subcorneal

What class of blisters are caused by a split occurring within the epidermis?

Suprabasal

What class of blisters are caused by a split occurring below the entire epidermis?

Subepidermal

What autoimmune blistering disease is caused by IgG autoantibodies targeting desmosomal proteins?

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV)

What does PV involve?

Skin and mucous membranes

What clinical sign is positive in PV?

Positive Nikolsky sign

What do patients with PV have autoantibodies against?

Dsg3 and Dsg1

What are the histological characteristics of pemphigus vulgaris?

Acantholysis, suprabasal split, and 'row of tombstones'

What does direct IF on pemphigus vulgaris patient skin biopsy show?

Intercellular pattern of IgG deposition

What autoimmune blistering disease is caused by autoantibodies targeting components of the hemidesmosome?

Bullous pemphigoid (BP)

What population is typically affected by BP?

Older/elderly individuals

What are commonly affected sites of BP?

Flexor surfaces of arms, inner thighs, axillae, and groin

What clinical sign is negative in BP?

Negative Nikolsky sign

What do BP patients have autoantibodies against?

BPAG1 and BPAG2

What are the histological characteristics of bullous pemphigoid?

Subepidermal split and no loss of cohesion between keratinocytes

What does direct IF in a BP patient show?

Linear deposition of IgG and/or C3 along DE junction

What is a rare autoimmune skin disorder characterized by intensely pruritic urticarial papules?

Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH)

What are the symptoms of dermatitis herpetiformis?

Symmetrical and group pruritic papules and small vesicles

What do patients with DH develop IgA antibodies against?

Dietary gluten that cross-react with epidermal transglutaminase

What are the histological characteristics of dermatitis herpetiformis?

Subepidermal split and neutrophilic micro abscesses

What does direct IF of dermatitis herpetiformis show?

Granular deposits of IgA

What is a group of inherited disorders characterized by skin fragility and blister formation?

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB)

What EB subtype displays intraepidermal cleavage with mutated keratin 5 or keratin 14?

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS)

What EB subtype displays intra-lamina lucida with mutated laminin-332?

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB)

What EB subtype displays cleavage with mutated type VII collagen?

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB)

What EB subtype has variable levels of cleavage with mutated kindlin-1?

Kindler syndrome (KEB)

What is a common disorder of the pilosebaceous unit?

Acne vulgaris

What is an open comedone?

Lesion where follicular opening is dilated, filled with keratin and lipid plug

What is a closed comedone?

Lesion where the follicular opening is obstructed, appearing as small, skin-colored papules

What anaerobic bacterium proliferates in the sebum-rich, blocked follicle?

Propionibacterium acnes

What is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the central face?

Rosacea

What rosacea subtype presents with flushing episodes and persistent central facial erythema?

Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea

What rosacea subtype presents with persistent erythema with transient papules and pustules?

Papulopustular rosacea

What rosacea subtype presents with skin thickening and irregular surface nodularities?

Phymatous rosacea

What rosacea subtype presents with eye irritation and dryness?

Ocular rosacea

Increased cutaneous levels of what antimicrobial peptide are observed in rosacea?

Cathelicidin

What is a form of panniculitis primarily involving inflammation affecting the fibrous septa?

Erythema nodosum (EN)

What is the acute onset of tender, erythematous, non-ulcerating subcutaneous nodules known as?

Erythema nodosum (EN)

Erythema nodosum (EN) typically occurs on ____

Anterior lower legs (shins)

What is a common trigger of erythema nodosum (EN)?

Beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis

Lecture 180 Flashcards

(87 cards)