Flashcards in Lectures 27/28 - Plants Deck (67):
1
_____ and plants share a common ancestor
charophytes
2
What are 5 characteristics that separate plants from charophytes?
1. alternation of generations
2. multicellular, dependent embryos
3. Walled spores in sporangia
4. multicellular gametangia
5. apical meristems (grows up)
3
Why are plants called embrophytes?
-dependent embryos housed within parent gamenophyte
4
What makes spores so special?
they have sporinpollenin
5
What are the 2 types of vascular tissue?
1. xylem
2. phloem
6
What is xylem made of?
-traechied cells
7
What is sporinpollenin?
prevents exposed zygotes from drying out
8
What are lignin?
-strengthen water conducting cells like xylem
-provide structural support
9
What do xylem transport?
water + minerals
10
What do Phloem transport?
sugars, amino acids, organic material
11
What are the 2 types of leaves?
1. microphylls
2. megaphylls
12
What are microphylls?
leaves with a single vein
13
What are megaphylls?
leaves with a highly branched vascular system
14
Are gametophytes haploid or diploid?
haploid
15
What are 2 other features in vascular plants not found in other plants
1. leaves
2. roots
16
Gametophytes produce _____ gametes by _____
haploid, mitosis
17
are sporophytes diploid or haploid?
diploid
18
Sporophytes produce ____ _____ by ______
haploid, spores, meiosis
19
What are heterosporous plants?
-produce megaspores that become female gametophytes
-microspores that become male gametophytes
20
What are homosporous plants?
produce bisexual gametopytes
21
What are the 3 phyla of seedless nonvascular plants?
1. hepatophyta (Liverworts)
2. anthocerophyta (Hornworts)
3. brophyta (mosses)
22
What is the ecological importance of Peat moss?
can be used as source of fuel
23
How are seedless vascular plants grouped?
part of a grade
24
What is a grade?
based off similar characteristics rather than common ancestor
25
What are the 2 phyla of seedless vascular plants?
1. Lycophytes (club mosses)
2. Monilophytes (ferns)
26
What is the ecological importance of seedless vascular plants?
-caused global cooling during carboniferous
-formed coal deposits
27
What is an integument?
-2n
-protective layer for the seed
28
How many integuments in gymnosperms? angiosperms?
2,3
29
What is a megaspore?
-1n
-larger (female?) spore
30
What is a seed?
embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat
31
What is a gymnosperm?
naked seed plants (including conifers)
32
What is an angiosperm/
flowering plants
33
What is the seed coat?
allows for seeds to survive better than unprotected spores
34
What is the food supply?
develops from the megasporangium
35
What is the megasporangium
-2n
-food for developing embryo
36
What is the embryo?
developing sporophyte
37
In seed plants, where are gametophytes housed?
reduced gametophytes housed in sporophytes
38
What are pollen grains?
allow for fertilization without water (pollination)
39
What is heterospory?
allows for different male and female parts
40
(Gymnosperms) miniaturization of their ______
gametophytes
41
(Gymnosperms) development of ___ from fertilized _____
seeds, ovules
42
(Gymnosperms) transfer of sperm to ovules by _____
pollen
43
(Gymnosperms) Cone we recognize in a pine tree produces ____
megaspores
44
(Gymnosperms) smaller cone produces _____
microspores
45
What are 3 Phyla of gymnosperms?
1. Cycadophyta (look like palm tree, flagellated sperm)
2. Gnetphyta
3. Coniferophyta (evergreens, photosynthesis all year)
46
What is the phyla of angiosperms?
anthrophyta
47
What are the main evolution differences between gymnosperms and anthrophyta?
-flowers
-fruits
48
What are the 2 groups within angiosperms?
1. monocots
2. eudicots
49
(Monocots) Cotyledon
1
50
(Monocots) leaf venation
parallel
51
(Monocots) vascular distribution
scattered
52
(Monocots) roots
fibrous
53
(Monocots) pollen grain
1 opening
54
(Monocots) flowers in multiples of
three
55
(Eudicots) cotyledon
2
56
(Eudicots) leaf venation
netlike
57
(Eudicots) vascular distribution
in a ring
58
(Eudicots) roots
has tap (main root)
59
(Eudicots) pollen grain
3 opneings
60
(Eudicots) flowers
in multiples of four or five
61
What is special about angiosperm reproduction?
-double fertilization, 2 sperms fertilize same gametophyte
-makes the endosperm
62
What is the carpel?
-produces ovules
-contains ovary
-style
-stigma
63
What is the style?
tube
64
What is the stigma?
where pollen is received
65
What ist he stamen?
-contains stalk (fillament)
-anther (where pollen is produced)
66
What is the sepal?
encloses flower
67