Flashcards in Lecture 25 - protists II (SI) Deck (37):
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Alveolates
-unicellular with subcellular cavities
-classified with molecular systematics
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Alveolates subgroups
1. Dinoflagellates
2. Apicomplexans
3. Ciliates
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Rhizaria
Use pseudopodia to move and feed
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Rhizaria subgroups
1. Radiolarians
2. Forams
3. Heliozoa
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Stramenopiles
-fine hairlike projections on the flagella (mostly in reproductive cells)
-both heterotrophs and autotrophs in this group
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Stramenopiles subgroups
1. Oomycetes
2. Brown algae
3. Diatoms
4. Golden algae
5. Heterokonts
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Archaeplastida
-contains land plants, their ancestors, and relatives
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Archaeplastida subgroups
1. Charophytes
2. Rhodophyta
3. Chlorophytes
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Amoebozoans of Unikont
Bridge between unicellular and multicellular
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Amoebozoans of Unikont subgroups
1. Slime molds
2. Rhizopods
3. Cellular slime molds
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Opisthokonts of Unikonts
Group that connects protists with animals
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Opisthokonts of Unikonts
1. Choanoflagellates
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What are cilia used for in ciliates?
feeding and motion
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Micro vs Macro nuclei in ciliates
micro (used for reproduction)
macro (used for day to day function and metabolism)
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What happens during reproduction of Ciliates?
-micronuclei swapped between two ciliates
-fuse together after conjugation
-mitosis to produce new macro-nucleus, binary fission, 4 daughter cells
E
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What is an example of Ciliates
paramecium
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What are 4 characteristics of Diatoms?
1. unicelluular
2. asexual division with sexual phase (size issue)
3. wall made silica
4. responsible for 50% of photosynthesis in ocean
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What is the shoebox concept?
asexual smaller part of the cell reproduces and makes second copy of the smaller size
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Where are brown algae common?
temperate waters with lots of nutrients
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What do brown algae create?
kelp forests using floats to raise blades to surface
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Are brown algae uni or multicellular?
unicellular
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How do brown algae reproduce?
alterations by generations
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examples of brown algae
-bull kelp
-giant kelp
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3 characteristics of golden algae
1. biflagellate
2. some are mixotrophic
3. unicellular (mostly
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4 characteristics of Forams
1. multi-chamber, porous shells made of calcium CaCO3
2. abundant in plankton
3. fossilize easiliy
4. for symbiosis with algae
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2 characteristics of Heliozoa
1. fused siliceous or chitinous plates
2. live in freshwater
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3 characteristics of Radiolarian
1. mostly actinpods
2. have pseudopodia that extend out of pores
3. siliceous skeletons accumulate in ocean floor
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3 characteristics of Oomecytes
1. extensive SA
2. fine network of coenocytic hyphae
3. water molds, white rusts, downy mildews
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3 characteristics of Rhizopoda
1. pseudopodia to feed + move
2. free living heterotrophs
3. Entamoeba histolytica, causes amoeboid dysentery
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What are Mycentozoa
slime molds or fungus animals
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3 characterisitics of Mycentozoa
1. bridge gap between unicellularity + multicellularity
2. plasmodial slime molds
3. cellular slime mold
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What does a cellular slime mold form when food is scarce?
slug
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What is the primary life stage of cellular slime mold?
haploid
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4 characteristics of Rhodophyta
1. No flagellated stage
2. red color = phycoerythrin
3. most common seaweeds in warm coastal waters of tropical oceans
4. formed by endosymbiosis
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What are 2 species of green algae?
1. chlorophytes
2. charophytes
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What are the 3 forms of green algae
1. colonies of individual cells (volvox)
2. multinucleate filaments (Caulerpa)
3. formation of true multicellular forms by cell division/differentiation (Ulva)
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