Flashcards in Lecture 31 - Invertebrates II Deck (35):
1
What are 4 characteristics of Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)?
1. No organs for specialized gas exchange
2. Flat shape for diffusion of materials
3. Fine branches for food distribution
4. Flame cells help maintain osmotic balance
2
What are 4 classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)?
1. Turbellaria
2. Monogenea
3. Trematoda
4. Crestoda
3
2 characteristics of Turbellaria
1. Mostly free-living flatworms
2. Ciliated body surface (i.e. planaria)
4
2 characteristics of Monogenea
1. Marine and freshwater parasites
2. Parastize fish
5
3 characteristics of Trematoda
1. Parasites
2. Almost always lack vertebrates
3. Most life cycles include intermediate hosts
6
What are the biggest parasites of humans?
tapeworms
7
Where do Phylum Rotifera inhabit?
-freshwater, ocean, damp soil
8
3 characteristics of Phylum Rotifera
1. Smaller than most protists
2. Truly multicellular
3. Specialized organ systems
9
2 characteristics of Phylum Brachiopoda
1. Lamp shells with dorsal valves
2. Brachiopods attach to substrate by stalks
10
Phylum Mollusca are notable for the increased complexity in _________
their body plan
11
What are 4 classes of molluscs?
1. Polyplacophora (chitins)
2. Gastropoda (snails, slugs)
3. Bivalvia (clams, mussels, scallops, oysters)
4. Cephalopoda (squids, octopuses, etc.)
12
2 characteristics of Polyplacophora (chitons)
1. 8 dorsal plates
2. grazers (use radula to scrape algae)
13
What is a defining characteristic of Gastropoda?
-undergo torsion during development
14
2 characteristics of Bivalvia (clams, mussels etc.)
1. Flattened shell closes R/L valves with adductor muscles
2. Filter feeders (eg clams, oysters, muscles etc.)
15
2 characteristics of Cephalopoda (squids, octopuses etc.)
1. Reduced/absent internal shell
2. Use siphon to dart towards prey
16
What is the biggest invertebrate of them all?
architeuthis (giant squid)
17
What are 3 classes of Phylum Annelida?
1. Oligochaeta
2. Polychaeta
3. Hirudinea
18
What are 4 characteristics of oligochaeta?
1. Reduced head
2. No parapodia
3. Sparse chaetae (e.g. earthworm)
4. Hermaphrodites, cross-fertilize
19
2 characteristics of Polychaeta?
1. Well-developed head
2. Parapodia with chaetae that work as gills, aid in locomotion
20
4 characteristics of Hirudinea?
1. Reduced coelom
2. Absent chaetae
3. Bloodsucking parasites
4. Anterior/posterior suckers (e.g. leeches)
21
What are Phylum Nematoda?
-Roundworms in most aquatic habitats, wet soil, most tissues of plants, body fluids/tissues of animals
22
What are 3 characteristics of Phylum Nematoda?
1. sexual reproducers
2. complete digestive tract
3. no circulatory system
23
How do Phylum Nematoda move?
-longitudinal muscle contraction
24
Phylum Nematoda are covered in _______
exoskeleton (the cuticle)
25
What do Phylum Nematoda have a major role in?
decomposition
26
3 major Arthropod features
1. Exoskeleton made of layers of protein + chitin
2. Open circulatory system
-(Hemolymph circulated into spaces surrounding tissues and organs)
3. Variety of organs specialized for gas exchange
27
What are the 4 subphyla of Phylum Arthropod?
1. Cheliceriformes
2. Myriapoda
3. Hexapoda
4. Crustacea
28
2 qualities of Subphylum Cheliceriformes
1. Body has 1-2 main parts with 6 appendages (horseshoe crabs)
2. Mostly terrestrial or marine
29
2 qualities of Subphylum Myriapoda
1. Head with antennae + chewing mouth parts (millipedes + centipedes)
2. terrestrial
30
3 qualities of Subphylum Hexapoda
1. Body divided in head/thorax/abdomen present
2. 3 pairs of legs + 2 pairs of wings (includes class insecta)
3. mostly terrestrial
31
3 qualities of Subphylum Crustacea
1 . Body with 2-3 parts + antennae + chewing mouthparts + 2-3 pairs of legs
2. Mostly marine + freshwater
3. (decapoda EX: crabs, lobsters, shrimps)
32
What are 3 major effects of insects on the environment/other organisms?
1. important natural + agricultural pollinators
2. carriers for many diseases (EX: West Nile, malaria, African Sleeping Sickness)
3. Competitors with humans for food + fiber
33
Insects affect all other ________
terrestrial organisms
34
_______ are the most diverse order of animals
beetles
35