Lecture 31 - Invertebrates II

Question 1

What are 4 characteristics of Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)?

Answer 1

1. No organs for specialized gas exchange
2. Flat shape for diffusion of materials
3. Fine branches for food distribution
4. Flame cells help maintain osmotic balance

Question 2

What are 4 classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)?

Answer 2

1. Turbellaria
2. Monogenea
3. Trematoda
4. Crestoda

Question 3

2 characteristics of Turbellaria

Answer 3

1. Mostly free-living flatworms

2. Ciliated body surface (i.e. planaria)

Question 4

2 characteristics of Monogenea

Answer 4

1. Marine and freshwater parasites

2. Parastize fish

Question 5

3 characteristics of Trematoda

Answer 5

1. Parasites
2. Almost always lack vertebrates
3. Most life cycles include intermediate hosts

Question 6

What are the biggest parasites of humans?

Answer 6

tapeworms

Question 7

Where do Phylum Rotifera inhabit?

Answer 7

-freshwater, ocean, damp soil

Question 8

3 characteristics of Phylum Rotifera

Answer 8

1. Smaller than most protists
2. Truly multicellular
3. Specialized organ systems

Question 9

2 characteristics of Phylum Brachiopoda

Answer 9

1. Lamp shells with dorsal valves

2. Brachiopods attach to substrate by stalks

Question 10

Phylum Mollusca are notable for the increased complexity in _________

Answer 10

their body plan

Question 11

What are 4 classes of molluscs?

Answer 11

1. Polyplacophora (chitins)
2. Gastropoda (snails, slugs)
3. Bivalvia (clams, mussels, scallops, oysters)
4. Cephalopoda (squids, octopuses, etc.)

Question 12

2 characteristics of Polyplacophora (chitons)

Answer 12

1. 8 dorsal plates

2. grazers (use radula to scrape algae)

Question 13

What is a defining characteristic of Gastropoda?

Answer 13

-undergo torsion during development

Question 14

2 characteristics of Bivalvia (clams, mussels etc.)

Answer 14

1. Flattened shell closes R/L valves with adductor muscles

2. Filter feeders (eg clams, oysters, muscles etc.)

Question 15

2 characteristics of Cephalopoda (squids, octopuses etc.)

Answer 15

1. Reduced/absent internal shell

2. Use siphon to dart towards prey

Question 16

What is the biggest invertebrate of them all?

Answer 16

architeuthis (giant squid)

Question 17

What are 3 classes of Phylum Annelida?

Answer 17

1. Oligochaeta
2. Polychaeta
3. Hirudinea

Question 18

What are 4 characteristics of oligochaeta?

Answer 18

1. Reduced head
2. No parapodia
3. Sparse chaetae (e.g. earthworm)
4. Hermaphrodites, cross-fertilize

Question 19

2 characteristics of Polychaeta?

Answer 19

1. Well-developed head

2. Parapodia with chaetae that work as gills, aid in locomotion

Question 20

4 characteristics of Hirudinea?

Answer 20

1. Reduced coelom
2. Absent chaetae
3. Bloodsucking parasites
4. Anterior/posterior suckers (e.g. leeches)

Question 21

What are Phylum Nematoda?

Answer 21

-Roundworms in most aquatic habitats, wet soil, most tissues of plants, body fluids/tissues of animals

Question 22

What are 3 characteristics of Phylum Nematoda?

Answer 22

1. sexual reproducers
2. complete digestive tract
3. no circulatory system

Question 23

How do Phylum Nematoda move?

Answer 23

-longitudinal muscle contraction

Question 24

Phylum Nematoda are covered in _______

Answer 24

exoskeleton (the cuticle)

Question 25

What do Phylum Nematoda have a major role in?

Answer 25

decomposition

Question 26

3 major Arthropod features

Answer 26

1. Exoskeleton made of layers of protein + chitin 2. Open circulatory system - (Hemolymph circulated into spaces surrounding tissues and organs) 3. Variety of organs specialized for gas exchange

Question 27

What are the 4 subphyla of Phylum Arthropod?

Answer 27

1. Cheliceriformes 2. Myriapoda 3. Hexapoda 4. Crustacea

Question 28

2 qualities of Subphylum Cheliceriformes

Answer 28

1. Body has 1-2 main parts with 6 appendages (horseshoe crabs) 2. Mostly terrestrial or marine

Question 29

2 qualities of Subphylum Myriapoda

Answer 29

1. Head with antennae + chewing mouth parts (millipedes + centipedes) 2. terrestrial

Question 30

3 qualities of Subphylum Hexapoda

Answer 30

1. Body divided in head/thorax/abdomen present 2. 3 pairs of legs + 2 pairs of wings (includes class insecta) 3. mostly terrestrial

Question 31

3 qualities of Subphylum Crustacea

Answer 31

1 . Body with 2-3 parts + antennae + chewing mouthparts + 2-3 pairs of legs 2. Mostly marine + freshwater 3. (decapoda EX: crabs, lobsters, shrimps)

Question 32

What are 3 major effects of insects on the environment/other organisms?

Answer 32

1. important natural + agricultural pollinators 2. carriers for many diseases (EX: West Nile, malaria, African Sleeping Sickness) 3. Competitors with humans for food + fiber

Question 33

Insects affect all other ________

Answer 33

terrestrial organisms

Question 34

_______ are the most diverse order of animals

Answer 34

beetles

Question 35

2 qualities of Phylum Echinodermata

Answer 35

- invertebrate deuterstomes with bilateral larva + radial adults - sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins etc.