Lesson 9 - The Gerund, the Absolutive or the Indeclinable Participle Flashcards
How is the gerund, the absolutive and the indeclinable participle formed?
The suffix -tvā is added to the root of the verb or verbal base* with or sometimes without the connecting vowel -i- to form the gerund, absolutive or the indeclinable participle.
The suffix -ya is sometimes added to roots with a prefix.
*The root is the simplest element of a verb without prefixes, suffixes or terminations. These are normally given in Sanskrit in grammars by Western scholars. The base is formed by adding a suffix to the root before a termination.
e.g. pac is the root; paca is the base
khād is the root; khāda is the base
bhuj is the root; bhuñja is the base
gam is the root; gaccha is the base
The gerund, absolutive or the indeclinable participle of
pacati
pacitvā
(pac + i + tvā)
having cooked
The gerund, absolutive or the indeclinable participle of
khādati
khāditvā
(khād + i + tvā)
having eaten
The gerund, absolutive or the indeclinable participle of
gacchati
gantvā
(gam + tvā)
having gone
The gerund, absolutive or the indeclinable participle of
hanati
hantvā
(han + tvā)
having killed
The gerund, absolutive or the indeclinable participle of
āgacchati
āgamma
(ā + gam + ya, with assimilation)
having come
The gerund, absolutive or the indeclinable participle of
ādadāti
ādāya
(ā + dā + ya)
having taken
The gerund, absolutive or the indeclinable participle of
āruhati
āruyha
(ā + ruh + ya, with metathesis)
having climbed
The gerund, absolutive or the indeclinable participle of
oruhati
oruyha
(ava + ruh + ya, with metathesis)
having descended
