Lower limb 3 - anterior and medial compartments of the thigh Flashcards Preview

Anatomy term 2 > Lower limb 3 - anterior and medial compartments of the thigh > Flashcards

Flashcards in Lower limb 3 - anterior and medial compartments of the thigh Deck (23)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What 3 articulations does the knee joint consist of between the distal end of the femur, tibia and patella?

A
  1. medial femerotibial
  2. lateral femerotibial
  3. femeropatellar
2
Q

What bone does not take part in the knee joint?

A

fibula

3
Q

What is the patella?

A
  • a triangular sesamoid bone that develops the tendon of the quadriceps muscle.
4
Q

What are the regions of the patella?

A
  • base
  • apex
  • 2 surfaces - articular and anterior
  • 2 facets
5
Q

How does the vastus medialis prevent the patella being pulled too laterally?

A

It pulls at a more oblique angle than the other 3 quadriceps

6
Q

What is the other mechanism that prevents the patella from being pulled too far laterally?

A

lateral femoral condyle - bony ridge

7
Q

What happens if the lateral femoral condyle is underdeveloped?

A

recurrent dislocations of the patella

8
Q

What happens to the patella if there is a direct blow to it and why is it not avulsed?

A

the patella may split or shatter

not avulsed - as quadricep expansion remains in tact

9
Q

What is avulsion?

A

full detachment

10
Q

Why is the knee joint dependent on the strength of surrounding muscles, ligaments and menisci for stability?

A

as the knee joint is incongruent

11
Q

What opening does the long (great) saphenous vein pass through the deep fascia?

A

saphenous hiatus or saphenous opening

12
Q

What superficial veins do you need to know?

A
  1. femoral vein
  2. saphenous ring
  3. great saphenous vein
  4. lateral side
  5. dorsal venous arch
  6. small saphenous vein
  7. popliteal vein
13
Q

What provides a transient route through the thigh for the major vessels passing to and from the leg? (3)

A
  1. femoral triangle
  2. adductor canal
  3. popliteal fossa
14
Q

Why is the anatomy of the femoral triangle important clinically? (4)

A
  1. vascular access
  2. femoral hernia
  3. vascualr surgery
  4. lymphatic spread of disease
15
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

Base - inguinal ligament

medial border - adductor longus

lateral border - sartonius muscle

floor - pectinous, adductor longs and iliopsoas

apex - fascia canal/ adductor canal

16
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

femoral nerve, vein and artery and lymphatics

NAVEL - order seen

17
Q

What muscles are supplied by the femoral nerve?

A

mainly anterior compartment of the thigh muscles

  1. sartorius
  2. pectineus
  3. rectus femoris
  4. vastus medialis
  5. vastus lateralis
  6. vastus intermedius
18
Q

What is the adductor canal?

A

carries femoral vessels

carries saphenous nerve

between femoral triangle and popliteal fossa

19
Q

What are the boundaries of the adductor canal?

A

anterior - sartorius

posteromedially - adductor longs and magnus

laterally - vastus medialis

20
Q

In which compartment are the quadricep muscles in?

A

anterior

21
Q

In which compartment are the pectinous and iliopsoas muscles?

A

anterior

22
Q

What muscles are involved in the medial compartment of the thigh and where do they all arise from?

A

arise - external surface of pubis and ischiopubic rams

  1. adductor longus
  2. adductor brevis
  3. adductor magnus
  4. gracilis
  5. obturator externus
23
Q

Where is the adductor hiatus located?

A

between hamstring and adductor parts of adductor magnus