Flashcards in Radiology Deck (32):
1
What does CT stand for?
computed topography
2
What does MRI stand for?
magnetic resonance imaging
3
What imagery shows vessels?
angiography
4
What should you be able to recognise in a CT?
1. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) -stroke
2. Subarachnoid haemorrhage
3. Extradural haematoma
5
NOTE
horizontal CT and MRI scans are viewed from below
6
What are the main differences between CT and MRI?
CT
1. X rays
2. High radiation
3. Bone
MRI
1. Magnets
2. Soft tissue
7
When is CT commonly used?
Acute cases
View Bone
8
When are MRIs useful?
soft tissue definition
9
On CT what appears hyper dense (bright)?
blood
10
On CT what appears hypo dense (dark)?
oedema
11
On T1 weighted MRI what appears hyper dense (bright)?
Fat
12
On T1 weighted MRI what appears hypo dense (dark)?
Fluid
13
On T2 weighted MRI what appears hyper dense (bright)?
Fluid
14
On T2 weighted MRI what appears hypo dense (dark)?
Fat
15
What are the 3 cerebral arteries?
1. middle cerebral artery
2. posterior cerebral artery
3. anterior cerebral artery
16
What region of the brain does the middle cerebral artery supply?
frontal lobe
lateral surface of temporal lobe
parietal lobe - primary motor and sensory areas of the face
17
What region of the brain does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
occipital lobe
18
What region of the brain does the anterior cerebral artery supply?
medial portions of the frontal lobes
superior medial parietal lobe
19
In terms of stroke syndromes what does TACI stand for?
total anterior circulation infarct
20
In terms of stroke syndromes what does PACI stand for?
partial anterior circulation infarct
21
In terms of stroke syndromes what does POCI stand for?
posterior circulation infarct
22
What is a lacunar stroke?
stroke that results from occlusion from one of the penetrating arteries that provides blood to the deep structures of the brain.
23
What does an infarct usually look like on a CT?
oedema - dark patch - usually ischaemic stroke
24
What is the treatment for ischaemic stroke?
Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) to dissolve thrombus
25
What are the anatomical components of the basal ganglia?
caudate nucelus
putamen
ventral striatum
globus pallidus
ventral pallidum
substantia niagra
subthalamic nucleus
26
What is a subarachanoid haemorrhage and which vessels are usually involved?
bleeding into the subarachnoid space
-terminal internal carotid artery
-anterior cerebral artery
- middle cerebral artery
27
What is a subdural haemorrhage and which vessel is usually affected?
blood gathers in subdural haemorrhage
increases intracranial pressure
- middle meningeal artery
28
What is the extradural haemorrhage and which vessel does it usually affect?
collection of blood between dura and periosteum
- middle meningeal artery
29
What is the characteristic of extradural haemorrhage?
unconsciousness and trauma
30
What can happen in an extradural haemorrhage - especially to the ventricles?
they become squished together
31
What is the neurosurgical emergency in extradural haemorrhage?
Burr Hole - artificial hole in the skull to relieve pressure
32