Radiology

Question 1

What does CT stand for?

Answer 1

computed topography

Question 2

What does MRI stand for?

Answer 2

magnetic resonance imaging

Question 3

What imagery shows vessels?

Answer 3

angiography

Question 4

What should you be able to recognise in a CT?

Answer 4

1. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) -stroke
2. Subarachnoid haemorrhage
3. Extradural haematoma

Question 5

NOTE

Answer 5

horizontal CT and MRI scans are viewed from below

Question 6

What are the main differences between CT and MRI?

Answer 6

CT

1. X rays
2. High radiation
3. Bone

MRI

1. Magnets
2. Soft tissue

Question 7

When is CT commonly used?

Answer 7

Acute cases

View Bone

Question 8

When are MRIs useful?

Answer 8

soft tissue definition

Question 9

On CT what appears hyper dense (bright)?

Answer 9

blood

Question 10

On CT what appears hypo dense (dark)?

Answer 10

oedema

Question 11

On T1 weighted MRI what appears hyper dense (bright)?

Answer 11

Fat

Question 12

On T1 weighted MRI what appears hypo dense (dark)?

Answer 12

Fluid

Question 13

On T2 weighted MRI what appears hyper dense (bright)?

Answer 13

Fluid

Question 14

On T2 weighted MRI what appears hypo dense (dark)?

Answer 14

Fat

Question 15

What are the 3 cerebral arteries?

Answer 15

1. middle cerebral artery
2. posterior cerebral artery
3. anterior cerebral artery

Question 16

What region of the brain does the middle cerebral artery supply?

Answer 16

frontal lobe

lateral surface of temporal lobe

parietal lobe - primary motor and sensory areas of the face

Question 17

What region of the brain does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 17

occipital lobe

Question 18

What region of the brain does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 18

medial portions of the frontal lobes

superior medial parietal lobe

Question 19

In terms of stroke syndromes what does TACI stand for?

Answer 19

total anterior circulation infarct

Question 20

In terms of stroke syndromes what does PACI stand for?

Answer 20

partial anterior circulation infarct

Question 21

In terms of stroke syndromes what does POCI stand for?

Answer 21

posterior circulation infarct

Question 22

What is a lacunar stroke?

Answer 22

stroke that results from occlusion from one of the penetrating arteries that provides blood to the deep structures of the brain.

Question 23

What does an infarct usually look like on a CT?

Answer 23

oedema - dark patch - usually ischaemic stroke

Question 24

What is the treatment for ischaemic stroke?

Answer 24

Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) to dissolve thrombus

Question 25

What are the anatomical components of the basal ganglia?

Answer 25

caudate nucelus putamen ventral striatum globus pallidus ventral pallidum substantia niagra subthalamic nucleus

Question 26

What is a subarachanoid haemorrhage and which vessels are usually involved?

Answer 26

bleeding into the subarachnoid space - terminal internal carotid artery - anterior cerebral artery - middle cerebral artery

Question 27

What is a subdural haemorrhage and which vessel is usually affected?

Answer 27

blood gathers in subdural haemorrhage increases intracranial pressure - middle meningeal artery

Question 28

What is the extradural haemorrhage and which vessel does it usually affect?

Answer 28

collection of blood between dura and periosteum - middle meningeal artery

Question 29

What is the characteristic of extradural haemorrhage?

Answer 29

unconsciousness and trauma

Question 30

What can happen in an extradural haemorrhage - especially to the ventricles?

Answer 30

they become squished together

Question 31

What is the neurosurgical emergency in extradural haemorrhage?

Answer 31

Burr Hole - artificial hole in the skull to relieve pressure

Question 32

What is a contre-coup injury?

Answer 32

subdural with subarachnoid extension