Lower Limb Anatomy Flashcards
(290 cards)
1
Q
What is the heaviest bone in the body?
A
Femur
1
Q
Kicking someone on the medial side of the knee produces what sort of force?
A
Varus
1
Q
What do we call the space between the malleoli of the distal tibia and fibula?
A
Mortice
1
Q
What are the 3 muscles of the hamstrings?
A
Semitendinosis, semimembranosis, biceps femoris
1
Q
A
Tibial tuberosity
1
Q
A
Extensor hallucis longus
1
Q
A
Medial condyle of femur
1
Q
A
Iliofemural ligament
1
Q
What is the senosry distribution of the femoral nerve and its branches?
A
Anteromedial thigh and medial knee, leg and ankle
1
Q
Where does the femoral nerve divide into its terminal branches?
A
1 inch below the inguinal ligament
1
Q
A
Femoral nerve
1
Q
A
Femoral nerve
1
Q
A
Tibial nerve
1
Q
A
Popliteus
1
Q
A
Ischial spine
1
Q
In compartment syndrome, how long until muscle will be damaged?
A
6-8 hours
1
Q
What is the course of the great saphenous vein?
A
Passes anterior to medial malleolus
Up medial medial leg
Posterior to medial epicondyle at knee
Up medial thigh
Joins femoral vein just below inguinal ligament
2
Q
A
PCL
3
Q
A
Attachment of ACL
4
Q
Wuthin which structure does the lumbar plexus form?
A
Psoas major muscle
4
Q
A
Tibial nerve
5
Q
What are the 4 layers of the plantar aponeurosis?
A
Short intrinsic muscles
Long tendons
Short muscles
Interossei muscles
6
Q
Which muscles does the achilles tendon come from?
A
Gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris
6
Q
A
Gastrocnemius
6
Obturator nerve
6
Patellar ligament
7
Which part of the pelvis bears weight when sitting down?
Ischial tuberosity
7
Which muscles prevent pelvic drop during the swing phase of gait?
Gluteus medius and minimus
8
Where does the centre of gravity pass with reference to the hip?
Behind
8
What attaches to the soleal line of the tibia?
Soleus muscle
8
What is the proper name for the ankle joint?
Talocrural joint
8
Common fibular (peroneal) nerve from sciatic nerve
8
Patellar ligament
9
What does the linea aspera split into at its distal end?
Medial and lateral suprcondylar lines
10
Flexor digitorum longus
10
Superior fibular retinaculum
10
Brachii profunda artery
10
Where does the sciatic nerve classically divide into its terminal branches?
2/3 of the way down the thigh at the apex of the popliteal fossa
11
What separates the anterior compartment from the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
Interosseus membrane
13
Which artery does the peroneal artery come from?
Posterior tibial artery
14
Which ligament resists varus forces on the knee?
Lateral collateral ligament
14
Greater trochanter
15
Flexor retinaculum
16
Vastus medialis
17
Which spinal nerve(s) does the obturator nerve come from?
L2,3,4
18
Anterior superior iliac spine
19
Extensor hallucis longus
21
Tibial tuberosity
22
What is the oblique line on the back of the tibia?
Soleal line
23
Intertrochanteric crest
24
Tibialis anterior
25
What are the 5 Ps of compartment syndrome?
Pain, pulseless, pale, paraesthesia and paralysis
26
Which 3 ligaments reinforce the hip joint?
Iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral
27
In which position is the ankle less stable?
Plantarflexed
27
Tibialis posterior
27
Greater trochanter
27
What is the acronym for remembering the contents of the flexor retinaculum?
Tom, Dick and very naught Harry
28
Soleal line
28
When does the anterior tibial artery become the dorsalis pedis artery?
After it passess through extensor retinaculum
29
Where does the tibial nerve pass through the ankle?
Behind the medial malleolus
30
Flexor hallucis longus
31
Which muscles does the deep fibular nerve supply?
Anterior compartment of leg and extensor digitorum brevis
32
Iliac crest
33
Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve from sciatic nerve
34
In what direction does the head of femur face?
Up, medial and forwards
36
Where does the soleus muscle take its origin from?
Soleal line
37
What are the predominant movements of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Extend the knee and flex the hip
37
What shape is the tibial shaft in cross section?
Triangular
38
Which muscle unlocks the knee from extension?
Popliteus
39
Tibial collateral ligament
39
Medial plantar nerve
40
Iliac tuberosity
41
Which muscles flex the hip?
Psoas major and iliacus
43
Why do pregnant or obese people sometimes have pins and needles in their lateral thigh?
Compression of lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh as it passes under inguinal ligament next to ASIS
44
Nerve?
Superficial fibular nerve
44
Nerve?
Deep fibular nerve
45
Which muscles does the tibial nerve supply?
Muscles of posterior leg and sole of foot
46
Which nerve is the nerve of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Femoral nerve
47
Through what does the sciatic nerve pass to exit the pelvis?
Greater sciatic foramen
48
When is the knee most secure?
In extension
48
Which muscles externally rotate the thigh?
Piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli, quadratus femoris People Often Go Quietly
48
Tibialis posterior
48
Tendon of biceps femoris
48
These are branches of which nerve?
Sural nerve
49
Which joint gives inversion and eversion of the ankle?
Subtalar joint
50
Tibial collateral ligament
50
Greater trochanter
51
What are the 3 muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus
51
Is this left or right knee?
Right
52
Which muscle is key to the neurovascular bundle of the gluteal region?
Piriformis
52
Sural nerve
53
Common fibular nerve
53
Deep fibular nerve
54
Flexor digitorum longus
55
Which muscle does the achilles tendon belong to?
Soleus
57
Which bone is this?
Tibia
58
What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?
Patella
60
Tibial nerve
61
What demarcates the gluteal region from the thigh on the posterior aspect?
Gluteal fold
62
Anterior cruciate ligament
63
Iliohypogastric nerve
64
Medial sural cutaneous nerve from sciatic nerve
65
Fibularis longus
67
PCL
67
Medial meniscus
69
What is the sensory distribution of the tibial nerve?
Posterior leg and sole of foot
69
What is the cutaneous sensory distribution of the common fibular nerve?
Upper lateral leg via the sural cutaneous nerve
69
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
70
Lunate surface of acetabulum
71
Common fibular nerve
72
Which nerve travels between the deep and superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibial nerve
74
Which bone is the red one?
Pubis
75
Tibialis anterior
(Timothy has a nasty, dirty toe)
Tib ant
EHL
Ant tib artery
Deep peroneal nerve
EDL
Fibularis tertius
76
Pes anserinus
77
Medial condyle of femur
78
Which of the femural condyles is longer?
Medial
79
Which bone is the red one?
Pubis
80
Attachment of PCL
82
Fibularis tertius
## Footnote
(Timothy has a nasty, dirty toe)
Tib ant
EHL
Ant tib artery
Deep peroneal nerve
EDL
Fibularis tertius
84
Which compartment of the leg does the tibial nerve travel in?
Posterior compartment
85
Which two muscles are the main abductors of the hip?
Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
86
What do we call the large lateral thickening of the fascia lata?
Iliotibial tract
87
Obturator foramen
88
In compartment syndrome, how long until the nerve will be damaged?
2-4 hours
89
Which muscles does the common fibular nerve proper supply?
None
90
Which muscles does the sciatic nerve proper supply?
Hamstrings except short head of biceps
92
Sural nerve
94
To which structures does the flexor retinaculum attach?
Calcaneus and medial malleolus of the tibia
95
Which bone does the achilles tendon insert into?
Calcaneus
96
Tibial collateral ligament
98
Quadriceps femoris tendon
99
What angle does the neck of femur form?
125 degrees
101
Which side is medial?
Right side of the picture =\> =\>
102
Fibularis brevis
103
Which spinal nerve(s) does the lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh come from?
L2,3
105
Tibialis anterior
106
Lesser trochanter
107
Which muscles does the femoral nerve supply?
Quadruceps, sartorius and pectineus
109
Ilioinguinal nerve
109
Which artery does dorsalis pedis come from?
Anterior tibial artery
110
Iliotibial tract
111
Lateral meniscus
112
Which spinal nerve(s) does the genitofemoral nerve come from?
L1,2
114
Where does the patella tendon attach?
Tibial tuberosity
116
Saphenous nerve
116
Medial epicondyle of femur
117
Which muscle does profunda femoris give perforating branches through?
Abbductor magnus
119
Which 3 muscles make up the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus Tibialis posterior
120
Greater trochanter
121
What movement does tibialis posterior contribute to?
Eversion of the foot
122
Extensor digitorum longus
123
What are the 2 main movements of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Extend the hip and flex the knee
124
Which ligament prevents posterior translation of the tibia with reference to the femur?
Posterior cruciate ligament
125
Which muscles make up the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
Gastrocnemius and soleus
126
What is the primary movement of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
Eversion of the foot
127
Extensory digitorum longus
## Footnote
(Timothy has a nasty, dirty toe)
Tib ant
EHL
Ant tib artery
Deep peroneal nerve
EDL
Fibularis tertius
129
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
131
Cutaneous branch of obturator nerve
132
Medial patellar retinaculum
134
Which way is anterior?
Up
135
Iliofemural ligament
136
Gastrocnemius
136
Which bone is the yellow one?
Ilium
137
ACL
139
What is the lateral collateral ligament also known as?
Fibular collateral ligament
141
Which movements is gluteus maximus responsible for?
Extension and lateral rotation of the hip
141
Sciatic nerve
143
Which compartment of the thigh does the femoral nerve travel in?
Anterior
144
Which bone is the blue one?
Ischium
145
Lesser trochanter
146
Which 3 bones make up the hip ?
Ileum, ischium and pubis
147
Which nerves contribute to the sural nerve?
Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve
148
Lateral plantar nerve
150
Pes anserinus
151
How does the posteior tibial artery enter the foot?
Behind the medial malleolus
153
The iliotibial tract is the shared tendon of which two muscles?
Gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata
154
What is the acronym for remembering the structures that pass through the extensor retinaculum?
Timothy has a nasty dirty toe
155
Common fibular nerve
157
Which nerve roots contribute to the sacral plexus?
L4-S4
159
Tibial nerve from sciatic nerve
161
What are the 2 terminal branches of the common fibular nerve?
Deep fibular nerve and superficial fibular nerve
162
What are the two movement of the muscles of the lateral anterior compartment of the leg?
Dorsiflex the foot and extend the toes
163
Which bone is this?
Femur
165
In which compartment does the posterior tibial artery run in?
Deep posterior of leg
167
What is the predominant movement of the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
Evert the foot
169
Flexor hallucis longus
170
Where do all 4 of the quadriceps muscles insert into?
Tibial tuberosity
172
Tibial nerve
173
Soleus
174
Which ligament resists valgus forces on the knee?
Medial collateral ligament
175
Obturator nerve
176
Extensor retinaculum
177
Which artery is in the anterior comparment of the leg?
Anterior tibial artery
179
Kicking someone on the lateral side of the knee produces what sort of force?
Valgus (L=L)
180
What is the cutaneous sensory distribution of the obturator nerve?
Inferomedial thigh (just above knee)
181
In which compartmetn of the thigh does the femoral artery travel?
Anterior
182
When does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?
After it passes through inguinal ligament
183
Which muscles does the obturator nerve supply?
Adductor muscles and pectineus
184
Pubofemural ligament
186
Which spinal nerve(s) does the ilioinguinal nerve come from?
L1
188
ACL
190
What are the 4 muscles of the quadriceps?
Vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius and rectus femoris
191
Which muscle is used by a soccer player taking a penalty kick?
Rectus femoris
193
Which nerve travels under the cover of the short head of biceps femoris?
Sciatic nerve
194
Which tendon is this?
Fibularis tertius
195
What are the primary actions of tibialis anterior?
Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
196
Nerve?
Tibial nerve
197
Vastus lateralis
199
Which muscles does the superficial fibular nerve supply?
Lateral compartment of leg
Fibularis longus and brevis
200
Ischial spine
202
Acetabular labrum
203
Pubic tubercle
204
What are the 3 pairs of structures that give most support to the knee?
Menesci, collateral ligaments and cruciate ligaments
206
Popliteus
208
Lesser trochanter
209
Common fibular (peroneal) nerve
210
Posterior cruciate ligament
211
Which muscle is used when checking your shoe for dog poo?
Sartorius
213
Superficial fibular nerve
214
Which bone is the yellow one?
Ilium
215
Which nerves does the sciatic nerve divide into at its terminal division?
Common fibular nerve and tibial nerve
216
What are the terminal branches of the popliteal artery?
Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
217
Extensor digitorum longus
218
Zona orbicularis
219
Which artery does profunda femoris come from?
Femoral artery
220
When does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?
After it passes through the adductor hiatus (the hole in adductor magnus)
221
Fibularis longus
222
Which nerves are blocked in a "3 in 1 block"?
Femoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, and obturator nerves
223
Pubic tubercle
224
Which part of the head of femur does not articulate with the hip?
Fovea
225
Which 2 muscles attach to the soleal line?
Soleus and popliteus
226
Obturator nerve
227
What do we call the socket for the hip joint?
Acetabulum
229
What is the proper name for the big toe?
Hallux
230
Which way is anterior?
Bottom of image
231
Anterior superior iliac spine
232
Psoas bursa
233
Tibialis anterior
235
Lateral patellar retinaculum
236
Tibial nerve
237
Fibularis brevis
239
Where does the gluteus maximus arise?
The gluteal surface of the ilium and the posterior sacrum
241
What are the muscle insertions of the pes anserinus?
Say Grace Before Tea Sartorius. Gracilis. Bursa. semi-Tendinosus
242
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
243
Inferior fibular retinaculum
244
Popliteus
245
When the tibia is fixed, which direction will the femur rotate for the final 15 degrees of extension?
Medial rotation
246
Which spinal nerve(s) does the iliohypogastricl nerve come from?
L1
247
Acetabulum
248
What is the cutaneous sensory distribution of the superficial fibular nerve?
The lower lateral leg and dorsum of the foot
249
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
250
Which compartment of the thigh does the obturator nerve travel in?
Medial
251
What are the 2 muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
252
Anterior inferior iliac spine
253
Which malleolus of the ankle extends further inferiorly?
Lateral
254
Extensory hallucis longus
## Footnote
(Timothy has a nasty, dirty toe)
Tib ant
EHL
Ant tib artery
Deep peroneal nerve
EDL
Fibularis tertius
255
What are the shock absorbers of the knee?
Menisci
256
What is the longest bone in the body?
Femur
257
Between which layers of the plantar aponeurosis does the neurovascular bundle pass?
1 and 2
258
What is the cutaneous sensory distribution of the deep fibular nerve?
The first toe cleft (between 1st and 2nd toes on dorsum of foot)
259
Anterior cruciate ligament
260
Medial malleolus
261
When the femur rotates on the tibia, what do we call this locking in?
Screw home
263
Which bone is the blue one?
Ischium
264
What is the unhappy triad of knee injuries?
injury to ACL, medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus
265
Which muscle does the femoral artery perforate to get to the posterior knee?
Adductor magnus
266
Which spinal nerve(s) does the femoral nerve come from?
L2,3,4
267
In which compartment of the thigh does the sciatic nerve travel?
Posterior compartment
268
Lateral condyle of femur
269
Ischiofemoral ligament
270
Which nerve roots contribute to the sciatic nerve?
L4-S3
271
Vastus medialis
272
Which bone of the tarsals does the tibia articulate with?
Talus
273
Which is the largest of the tarsal bone?
Calcaneus
274
Fibularis tertius
275
Greater trochanter
276
Soleus
278
Obturator artery
279
Lateral meniscus
280
Obturator crest
281
Which ventral rami typically give rise to the lumbar plexus?
L1-4
282
Nerve?
Saphenous nerve
283
In full extension of the knee, which ligaments are tight?
All of them
284
Which ligament provides the axis of rotation for the knee?
ACL
285
Where is the popliteal vein formed?
At the knee
286
Posterior cruciate ligament
287
Which is the largest nerve in the body?
Sciatic nerve
288
What line runs along the back of the femur?
Linea aspera
289
Genitofemoral nerve
290
Which ligament prevents anterior translation of the tibia with reference to the femur?
Anterior cruciate ligament
