Module 4: Alkenes Flashcards
(25 cards)
Whats a sigma bond?
Type of covalent bond where atomic orbitals overlap head on. Sigma bonds can rotate free
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What’s a pie bond?
A type of covalent bond, adjacent p orbitals overlap sideways above and below carbons. Pie bonds cant rotate, have low bond enthalpy.
Whats addition polymerization?
The for,still of long chain molecules that monomers can join onto.
What’s an addition reaction?
Molecules combining to form a single product.
What’s an alkene?
An organic compound having a C=C bond.
What does biodegradable mean?
A substance which can be decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms.
Whats bond Enthaply?
The energy needed to break one gaseous bonds. Actual values can vary as it takes in a range of values.bond.
What’s the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules?
Atoms with higher atomic number have more priority. If the highest priorities are on the same side of a bond, it’s a Z isomer, if it’s opposite sides it’s the E isomer.
What’s a catalyst?
A substance which speeded up the rate of reaction without being used up.
Whats cis/trans isomerism?
cis isomers have the highest priorities in atomic number of the same side of the bond, trans have them on opposite sides.
What’s a covalent bond?
A strong bond between 2 atoms due to electrostatic attraction between electron and nucleus.
What’s electron pair repulsion?
Electrons around a nucleus repel each other, so the molecule has electrons at furthest as possible positions.
Carbon atoms in alkenes have a trigonal planar shape and a bond angle of 120.
What’s an electrophile?
Something which can accept electrons.
Whats E/Z isomerism?
A type of isomerism caused by pie bonds can rotation. Two different groups needed on C=C bond. Z isomers are on the same side, E is on opposite sides.
Whats heterolytic fission?
When a bond breaks, only one atom receives both electron from the pair.
Whats markownikoffs rule?
Used to predict the major product of addition reaction, only when H-X is added to a unsymmetrical alkene. H is added to the less branched carbon to make it a more stable carbocation
What’s a monomer?
Small molecule used to form polymers
What does polymer mean?
A large molecule made from monomers which have been bonded together.
What does photodegradable mean?
A substance which can be broken down by light.
What’s a primary carbocation?
A molecule where the carbon with a positive charge is attached to one alkyl group. Least stable
What’s a repeat unit?
A structure where a polymer appears several times. Joining these units makes a polymer.
What’s a secondary carbocation?
A molecule where the positive carbocation is attached to two alkyl groups. More stable than primary, less than tertiary.
Whats stereoiomsers?
Compounds with same structural formula, but different arrangement of atoms.
What’s a tertiary carbocation?
A molecule where the carbon which has the positive change is attached to three alkyl groups. Most stable.
