Module 4: Haloalkanes

Question 1

Whats bond Enthaply?

Answer 1

The energy needed to break a mole of gaseous bond. Bond Enthaply of carbon and hydrogen decreases from:

C-F —> C-I

Question 2

Whats CFC?

Answer 2

A compound made of carbon, Florine and chlorine used as aerosol propellants and refrigerants.

These can be broken down by UV light to form chlorine radicals in the atmosphere which catalyst the breakdown of the o zone layer.

Question 3

What’s a haloalkane?

Answer 3

An organic compound which has F/Cl/Br/I to an alkyl chain.

Question 4

Whats hydrolysis?

Answer 4

The breakdown of a compound due to a reaction with water. Haloalkane hydrolysis and its rate differs but can be determined by reacting it with water when present with AgNO3 and ethanol.

Question 5

What’s a nucleophile?

Answer 5

An electron pair donator.

Question 6

Whats nucleophilic substitution?

Answer 6

A reaction where the electron pair donator attacks an electrophilic atom, to replace an atom / group of atoms.

Question 7

What’s the ozone?

Answer 7

A molecule with the formula O3, this absorbs UV light in the atmosphere. The breakdown of this layer can be catalyzed by chlorine radicals and other ones like NO radicals.

Question 8

What’s a radical?

Answer 8

A species with an unpaired electron

Question 9

Whats substitution?

Answer 9

A reaction where one atom/ group of atoms replace another. Haloalkanes undergo substitution reaction with aq alkalis or water.

Reaction rate increases from C-F —> C-I due to decreasing bond enthalpy.