Flashcards in *Oesophageal and Stomach Disorders (lectures 3 and 4) Deck (62)
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1
What mucosa lines the normal oesophagus?
Stratified squamous epithelium
2
What tends to cause acute oesophagitis?
Rare but usually caused by corrosion following chemical ingestion or infection in immunocompromised patients e.g. candidiasis, herpes
3
What tends to cause chronic oesophagitis?
Reflux disease - "reflux oesophagitis)
Rarely, caused by crohns
4
What is reflux oesophagitis?
Inflammation of oesophagus due to refluxed low pH gastric content
5
Microscopic appearance of reflux oesophagitis?
Basal zone epithelial expansion (hyperplasia)
Intraepithelial neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils
6
What is Barrett's oesophagus?
Replacement of stratified squamous epithelium by columnar epithelium with intestinal metaplasia
7
How does the metaplasia occur in Barrett's oesophagus?
Due to expansion of columnar epithelium from gastric glands or from submucosal glands
Due to differentiation from oesophageal stem cells
8
What is allergic oesophagitis?
Other name
An inflammatory condition in which the walls of the oesophagus become filled with eosinophils
"eosinophillic" oesophagitis
9
What type of patients does allergic oesophagitis tend to occur in?
Those with a personal/ family history of allergy e.g. asthma
Young
Males more than females
10
pH probe of allergic oesophagitis?
Negative for reflux
11
Blood test in a patient with allergic oesophagitis?
Increased eosinophils
12
Appearance of an allergic oesophagitis?
Corrugated or "spotty" oesophagus
13
Treatment for allergic oesophagitis?
Steroids/ chromoglycate/ montelukast
14
What benign tumours are most commonly found in the oesophagus?
What are they associated with
Squamous papillloma
Rare
HPV
15
Other benign tumours of the oesophagus apart from squamous papilloma?
Leiomyomas
Lipomas
Fibrovascular polyps
Granular cell tumours
VERY rare
16
What is the commonest type of oesophageal cancer in males?
Squamous cell carcinoma
17
Causes of squamous cell carcinoma?
Vitamin A, zinc deficiency
Tannic acid/ strong tea
Smoking, alcohol
Oesophagitis
Genetic
18
What is commonest type of oesophageal cancer in caucasians?
Adenocarcinoma
19
Steps to developing adenocarcinoma of oesophagus?
genetics, reflux, etc. - chronic reflux oesophagitis - barretts oesophagus - low grade dysplasia - high grade dysplasia - adenocarcinoma
20
What type of cancers are the majority of oral cancers?
Squamous cell carcinoma
21
What parts of the mouth is it rare to develop cancer on?
Hard palate
Dorsum of tongue
22
Causes of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity?
Tobacco
Alcohol
Betel quid
Viral? (HPV)
Chronic infections?
Nutritional deficiencies
?genetics
23
Staging system for oral cancer?
TNM system
24
Treatment of oral cancer?
Surgery +/- adjuvant therapy
25
What is another name for dyspepsia?
Indigestion
26
What is dyspepsia?
pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen after eating and sometimes accompanied by nausea, vomiting or a feeling of unease or fullness
27
What is the name given to epigastric pain or burning?
Epigastric pain syndrome
28
What is the name given to postprandial fullness?
Postprandial distress syndrome
29
What is the name given to early satiety?
Postprandial distress syndrome
30
