Flashcards in *Physiology (gastric gland secretions) Deck (28)
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1
What type of cells are present in the pyloric gland area (antrum)? (2)
D cells
G cells
2
What type of cells are present in the oxyntic mucosa in fundus and body of the stomach? (3)
Chief cell
Enterochromaffin-like cell
Parietal cells
3
What do D cells secrete?
Somatostatin
4
What do G cells secrete?
Gastrin
5
What do chief cells secrete?
Pepsinogen
6
What do enterochromaffin-like cells secrete?
Histamine
7
What do parietal cells secrete?
Hydrocholric acid
Intrinsic factor
8
What does pepsinogen released from chief cells do?
Precursor of pepsin which when activated by HCl becomes pepsin
9
What does histamine released from enterochromaffin-like cells do?
Stimulates HCl secretion
10
What does hydrochloric acid secreted from parietal cells do?
Activates pepsinogen to pepsin
Denatures protein
Kills most micro-organisms ingested
11
What does intrinsic factor released from parietal cells do?
Binds vitamin B12 allowing adsorption in the terminal ileum
12
What does somatostatin released from D cells do?
Inhibits HCl secretion
13
What does gastrin released from G cells do?
Stimulates secretion of HCl acid
14
What is the full name of the proton pump?
H+/K+ATPase (pumps H+ out and K+ in)
15
Where does the Cl- come from that makes HCl?
It is pumped into the cell via the Cl-/HCO3- antiporter and is then pumped into the caniliculis via a Cl- channel
16
What 3 regulatory molecules stimulate HCl secretion?
ACh
Histamine
Gastrin
17
What receptor does ACh stimulate acid secretion via?
M3
18
How does ACh stimulate secretion of HCl?
When M3 is activated, it stimulates the proton pump and hence secretion of H+
It also acts on M1 receptors on Enterochromafin like cells causing the release of histamine
19
How does histamine stimulate secretion of HCl?
It acts on an H2 receptor on the membrane of parietal cells increasing the activation of the proton pump
20
How does gastrin increase secretion of HCl?
It stimulates gastrin receptors which increase activation of the proton pump
Gastrin also stimulates ECL cells increasing histamine release
21
What inhibits HCl release? How?
Somatostain inhibits the release of gastrin and histamine
Prostoglandin E2 stimulates prostoglandin receptors on parietal cells inhibiting the action of ACh, gastrin and histamine
22
What is a secretagogue?
A substance that causes another substance to be secreted
23
How are proton pumps activated? e.g. by histamine, ACh and gastrin
Causes the insertion of the proton pump into the apical membrane - through protein kinases
24
What are the 3 phases of gastric secretion?
Cephalic (before food reaches the stomach)
Gastric (when food is in the stomach)
Intestinal (after food has left the stomach)
25
What happens during the intestinal stage of gastric secretion?
Factors originating from the small intestine switch off acid secretion
26
What effects do prostaglandins have locally in the stomach?
Reduce acid secretion
Increase mucus and bicarbonate secretion
Increase mucosal blood flow
27
What is a peptic ulcer?
An area where the mucosa is exposed to HCl and pepsin
28
