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Dermatology - Clinical Medicine IV > Parasitic Skin Infections > Flashcards

Parasitic Skin Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are parasitic dermatoses?

A

pediculosis and scabies

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2
Q

What causes pediculosis?

A

ectoparasites that live on body

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3
Q

What is the common term for pediculosis?

A

lice

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4
Q

What causes the pruritis with lice?

A

pierce skin and inject saliva

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5
Q

Are lice able to survive away from human host?

A

yes

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6
Q

How long does it take for lice to die of starvation?

A

10 days away from host

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7
Q

How many eggs does a female louse lay each day?

A

3-6, white 1mm long

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8
Q

How long does it take a nit to latch and mature?

A

8-10 days hatch, 12-15 mature, live for 10 days

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9
Q

What lice infest head?

A

Pediculosis capitis

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10
Q

What lice infest body?

A

Pediculosis corporis

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11
Q

What lice infect pubic area?

A

Pediculosis pubis or Pthirus pubis

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12
Q

What is the most common manifestation of pediculosis?

A

pruritis

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13
Q

Where does p corporis cause itching?

A

axilla, truncal and groin

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14
Q

What are associated features of pediculosis?

A

papules, wheals, bit reaction, excoriation

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15
Q

What is pathognomic for infestation of life?

A

maculae cerulea

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16
Q

How do maculae cerulea?

A

blue-gray macules, enzyme in saliva break down human bilirubin

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17
Q

How long does head lice survive away from human?

A

1-2 days

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18
Q

What are the effected areas in pediculosis capitus?

A

scalp, neck, postauricular

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19
Q

How do you get head lice?

A

combs, brushes, hats, scarves, bedding

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20
Q

How do you dislodge lice?

A

sweater removal, hair combing

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21
Q

How far can head lice travel?

A

23 cm/min

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22
Q

What are symptoms of p. capitis?

A

scalp pruritius, occipital lymphadenopathy, impetigo

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23
Q

Where is heaviest infection for p. capitis?

A

retroauricular scalp

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24
Q

Where do p. corporis lay their eggs?

A

clothing fibers

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25
How long can p. corporis survive?
10 days
26
What has p humanus corporis?
typhus, trench fever, relapsing fever
27
What do you see with p. corporis?
multiple lesions from bites present, uninfected are papules 2-4 mm, located anywhere
28
What are eyelash nits a manifestation?
pubic louse infestation
29
What lice species is less mobile?
p. pubis
30
How long can p pubis survive off human?
1 day
31
What are the medical treatments for head lice?
``` permethrin topical melathion topical Invermectin Lindane topical Benzyl alcohol Spinosad topical ```
32
What is permethrin topical?
Apply lotion once, can repeat in 7-9 days First line therapy, although some resistance has developed Must also use fine-toothed comb to remove nits Indicated in adults and children over 2 months of age
33
What is malathion topical?
Apply once, repeat in 7-9 days Binds to hair for longer lasting effect Indicated in adults and children over 6 years of age
34
What is invermectin topical?
Apply once, no combing needed | Indicated in adults and children over 6 months of age
35
What is lindane topical?
Apply apply 30mL of shampoo once Do not apply on open wounds Not safe for use in children, due to transcutaneous absorption/neurotoxicity although still FDA approved down to 1 month of age
36
What is benzyl alcohol?
Apply to hair once, then repeat in 7 days Dosing based on hair length (varies 4oz to 48 oz) Indicated in adults and children
37
What is spinosad topical?
``` Apply once (maximum 120mL), repeat in 7 days Indicated in adults and children over 4 years old ```
38
What is the treatment for pubic lice?
``` Permethrin topical (1% lotion) Malathion topical (0.5% lotion) Lindane topical (1% shampoo) – 30mL repeated in 7-10 days ```
39
How do you treat eyelash infestations?
petrolatum ointment
40
How do you treat body lice?
clean clothes and bed linens, educate about hygiene Permethrin spray on clothes Oral ivermectin 12 mg 3 doses 7 days apart - heavy pediculosis
41
What is the environmental treatment of head lice?
``` treat fomites launder everything temp 131 for 5 min Place in dryer high heat 30 m in seal in plastic bag 2 weeks vacuuming discard combs and hairbrushes or soak in hot water 5 min ```
42
What is intensely pruritic skin infestation caused by host specific mite?
scabies
43
What causes scabies?
sarcoptes scabiei hominis
44
What is the pathognomic sign for scabies?
burrow - intreepidermal tunnel by moving female mites serpiginous grayish threadlike elevations in superficial dermis 2-10 mm long
45
Where does scabies occur in geriatric?
back, appear as excoriation
46
Where do you see scabies in infants and small children?
palms and soles
47
Where are high yield locations for scabies?
``` Webbed spaces of the fingers Flexor surfaces of the wrists Elbows Axillae Belt line Feet Scrotum (men) Areolae (women) ```
48
How does scabies look?
vesicles are discrete lesions filled with clear fluid, although the fluid may appear cloudy if the vesicle is more than a few days old
49
What is crusted scabies?
lesions are hyperkeratotic and crusted Cover large areas Marked scaling is common Pruritus may be minimal or absent Nail dystrophy and scalp lesions may be prominent Hands and arms are the usual locations for lesions Mites can number in the thousands to millions in this form of scabies
50
What is nodular scabies?
Nodules occur in 7-10% of patients with scabies young children (neonates unable to scratch) pinkish brown nodules ranging in size from 2-20 mm in diameter
51
What are scabies agents?
Permethrin or ivermectin (1st line) Malathion or benzyl benzoate (2nd line) Lindane (3rd line)
52
What is special about scabies and preg?
only treat if benefit exceeds risk and + skin scraping
53
Who is premethrin safe to use in?
pregnant and children >2mo
54
How do you treat neonates with scabies?
precipitated sulfur 6% petroleum
55
What is the treatment for crusted scabies?
several different medications used sequentially Typically permethrin OR benzyl benzoate & invermectin AND keratolytic (urea topical) allows for drug penetration in crusted areas
56
How do you treat scabetic nodules?
intranodular steroid injections
57
What does bed bugs cause?
erythematous papules, somtimes with prominent urticarial component
58
When do bugs come out?
night, 1 hr before dawn
59
How do you treat bed bugs?
sysmptomatic - steroids or antihistamines
60
How do you prevent bed bugs?
insecticides and eliminate bedbug hiding spots, permethrin spray can be applied to clothes, prevent bedbugs from gaining access to the bed

Dermatology - Clinical Medicine IV (31 decks)

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