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Developmental Psychology > PART 4. BIRTH & PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT DURING THE FIRST 3 YEARS > Flashcards

PART 4. BIRTH & PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT DURING THE FIRST 3 YEARS Flashcards

1
Q

The apt term for the process of giving birth.

A

Labor

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2
Q

Process of giving birth usually happens 2 weeks before delivery.

A

parturition

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3
Q

These are false uterus contractions.

A

Braxton-Hicks contractions

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4
Q

Stages of Childbirth

A

Stage 1: Dilation of Cervix
Stage 2: Descent and Emergence of Baby
Stage 3: Expulsion of the Placenta

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5
Q

Is said to be the longest stage, lasting 12 to 14 hours (for first child). It is a stage characterized by uterine contractions that are 15 to 20 minutes apart at first, then 2 to 5 minutes toward s the end of the stage. It ends when the cervix is opened about 10 cm or 4 inches.

A

Stage 1: Dilation of Cervix

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6
Q

This stage lasts for 1 to 2 hours; baby’s head emerges through the cervix into the vaginal canal. Ends when the baby is completely out from the mother’s body.

A

Stage 2: Descent and Emergence of Baby

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7
Q

Lasts 10 minutes to 1 hour wherein the placenta and remainder of the umbilical cord are expelled from the mother.

A

Stage 3: Expulsion of the Placenta

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8
Q

True or False. Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) is always recommended.

A

False. When performing VBAC, proceed with caution.

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9
Q

It is the mechanical monitoring of a fetal heartbeat during labor and delivery.

A

Electronic fetal monitoring

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10
Q

2 childbirth methods

A

vaginal delivery

cesarean delivery

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11
Q

It is the usual childbirth method.

A

vaginal delivery

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12
Q

It is a childbirth method wherein the baby is delivered from the uterus surgically.

A

cesarean delivery

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13
Q

This seeks to prevent pain by eliminating the mother’s fear through education about the physiology of reproduction as well as breathing and relaxation training during delivery.

A

natural childbirth

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14
Q

This childbirth uses instruction, breathing exercises, and social support to induce controlled physical responses to uterine contractions and reduce fear and pain.

A

prepared childbirth

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15
Q

A method of labor wherein the expectant mother works actively with their bodies and controlled breathing.

A

Lamaze Method by Ferdinand Lamaze

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16
Q

Laboring method wherein woman gives birth in a quiet room under low lights to reduce stress, and newborn is gently massaged to ease crying.

A

LeBoyer Method

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17
Q

Who proposed the labor method wherein woman are submerged in a soothing pool of water?

A

Michael Odent

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18
Q

A local (vaginal) anesthesia given to a woman during the 2nd stage of delivery or when forceps are used.

A

pudendal block

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19
Q

This medication reduces the pain perception of a woman giving birth by depressing the CNS activity.

A

analgesic (painkiller)

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20
Q

This is injected into a space in the spinal cord to block nerve pathways that would carry sensation of pain to the brain.

A

regional (epidural/spinal) injections

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21
Q

An experienced mentor who furnishes emotional support and information for a woman during labor.

A

doula

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22
Q

This pertains to the first 4 weeks of life, a time of transition from intrauterine dependency to independent existence.

A

neonatal period

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23
Q

What is a 4-week old baby called?

A

neonate

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24
Q

This is a result from bones of skulls that do not meet and makes the soft spot of a baby.

A

fontanels

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25
Q

These are fuzzy prenatal hair.

A

lanugo

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26
Q

Aka cheesy varnish; an oily protection against infection found in newborn babies.

A

vernix caseosa

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27
Q

Believed in the Middle ages to have special healing powers. These are secretions that leaks from swollen breasts of newborns.

A

Witch’s milk

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28
Q

It is a condition marked by reduced oxygen supply.

A

hypoxia

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29
Q

It is a condition marked by lack of oxygen which may cause brain damage.

A

anoxia

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30
Q

It is due to immaturity of liver and evidenced by yellowish appearance. It may cause brain damage if not treated promptly.

A

neonatal jaundice

31
Q

It is a stringy, greenish-black waste matter formed in the fetal intestinal tract.

A

meconium

32
Q

This is a standard measurement of a newborn baby. It assesses appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration.

A

Apgar scale

33
Q

A neurological and behavioral test to measure neonate’s responses to the environment. It assesses motor organization, reflexes, state changes, attention, and interactive capacities, as well as CNS stability.

A

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

-developed by Dr. T. Berry Brazelton

34
Q

Refers to an infants physiological and behavioral status at a given moment in the periodic daily cycle of wakefulness, sleep, and activity.

A

state of arousal

35
Q

These are babies born with less than 5 1/2 lbs (2,500 grams) at birth because of prematurity.

A

low-birth-weight babies (LBW)

36
Q

Infants that are born before completing the 37th week of gestation.

A

Premature (preterm) infants

37
Q

Infants whose birth weight is less than that of 90% of babies of the same gestation age, as a result of slow fetal growth.

A

small-for-date (small-for-gestational-age) infants

38
Q

Factors that affect the likelihood of having LWB babies

A
  • demographic and socioeconomic factors
  • medical factors predating the pregnancy
  • prenatal behavioral and environmental factors
  • medical conditions associated with pregnancy
39
Q

fits and starts of brain growth

A

brain growth spurts

40
Q

A skin-to-skin method in which newborn is laid face down between mother’s breast for an hour or so at a time of birth.

A

Kangaroo care

41
Q

These are essential lung-coating substance which keeps air sacs from collapsing.

A

surfactant

42
Q

A brain lipid that is good for mental development.

A

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

43
Q

These are influences that reduce impact of potentially negative influences and tend to predict positive outcomes.

A

Protective factors

44
Q

Fetus that are not yet born as of 2 weeks after due date or 42 weeks after the mother’s last menstrual period.

A

Postmature infants

45
Q

Death of a fetus at or after the 20th week of gestation.

A

stillbirth

46
Q

The proportion of babies born alive who die within the first year.

A

infant mortality rate

47
Q

Aka crib death; SIDS means

A

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

48
Q

Principles of Development

A

cephalocaudal principle

proximodistal principle

49
Q

Principle that says development proceeds in a head-to-tail direction; upper parts of the body develops first before the lower parts of the trunk.

A

cephalocaudal principle

50
Q

Principle that says development proceeds from within and without; parts near the center develop before the extremeties.

A

proximodistal principle

51
Q

Pertains to the tendency of each of the brain’s hemisphere to have specialized functions.

A

lateralization

52
Q

This is the process by which cells acquire specialized structures and functions.

A

differentiation

53
Q

This is the process by which neurons coordinate the activities of muscle groups.

A

integration

54
Q

Is the normal elimination of excess brain cells to achieve more efficient functioning.

A

cell death

55
Q

The process of coating neural pathways with a fatty substance called myelin. This enables faster communication between cells.

A

myelination

56
Q

These are automatic, involuntary, innate responses to stimulations.

A

reflex behaviors

57
Q

An early human reflex that occur when baby is dropped or hears a loud noise. The baby would:

  • extend limbs
  • arches back
  • draw back head
A

Moro

58
Q

An early human reflex that occur when palm of baby’s hand is stroked. The baby would:

  • makes a strong fist
  • can be raised to a standing position if both fists are closed around a stick
A

Darwinian (grasping)

59
Q

An early human reflex that occur when baby is laid down on back. The baby would:

  • turns head to one side
  • assumes fencer position
  • extends limbs on preferred side
  • flexes opposite side
A

Tonic neck

60
Q

An early human reflex that occur when both of the baby’s palms are stroked at once. The baby would:

  • mouth opens
  • eyes close
  • neck flexes
  • head tilts forward
A

Babkin

61
Q

An early human reflex that occur when baby’s cheeks or lower lip is stroked with a finger or nipple. The baby would:
-head turns
-mouth opens
sucking movement begins

A

Rooting

62
Q

An early human reflex that occur when sole of baby’s foot is stroked. The baby would:

  • fan out toes
  • twist in foot
A

Babinski

63
Q

An early human reflex that occur when baby is held under arms with bare feet touching flat surface. The baby would make step-like motions.

A

Walking

64
Q

An early human reflex that occur when baby is put into water. The baby would make well-coordinated swimming movements.

A

Swimming

65
Q

These are increasingly complex combinations of motor skills which permit a wider or more precise range of movement and more control of the environment.

A

systems of action

66
Q

Screening test that is given to children 1 month to 6 yrs old to determine whether they are developing normally.

A

Denver Developmental Screening Test

67
Q

These are physical skills that involve the large muscles.

A

gross motor skills

68
Q

These are physical skills that involve the small muscles and eye-hand coordination.

A

fine motor skills

69
Q

Uses eyes to guide movements of the hands or other parts of the body.

A

visual guidance

70
Q

ability to perceive object and surfaces in 3D

A

depth perception

71
Q

A theory proposed by Eleanor and James Gibson that describes developing motor and perceptual abilities as interdependent parts of a functional system that guides behavior in varying contexts.

A

Ecological theory of perception

72
Q

ability to acquire information about properties of objects, like size, weight, and texture by handling them

A

haptic perception

73
Q

Apparatus defined to give an illusion of depth and used to assess depth perception in infants.

A

visual cliff

74
Q

A theory proposed by Esther Thelen that views motor development as a dynamic process of active coordination of multiple systems within the infant in relation to the environment..

A

dynamic systems theory

Developmental Psychology (15 decks)

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