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Developmental Psychology > PART 11. PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE > Flashcards

PART 11. PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENCE Flashcards

1
Q

It is a developmental transition between childhood and adulthood entailing major physical, cognitive, and psychological changes.

A

Adolescence

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2
Q

This refers to the process by which a person attains sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce.

A

Puberty

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3
Q

True or False. Adolescence and puberty were thought to occur at the same time (around 13).

A

True

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4
Q

This is a risky stage because of the immature brain at that time.

A

Adolescence

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5
Q

2 Stages of Puberty

A
  1. Adrenarche

2. Gonadarche

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6
Q

It is the stage characterized by increasing level of androgens, most notably dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) which influences growth of pubic, axillary, and facial hair.

A

Adrenarche

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7
Q

A puberty stage indicated by the maturation of sex organs.

A

Gonadarche

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8
Q

True or False. Girls with lower percentage of body fat in early childhood tend to show earlier pubertal development.

A

False. Higher percentage of body fat

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9
Q

These are the organs directly related to reproduction, which enlarge and mature during adolescence.

A

Primary sex characteristics

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10
Q

These are the physiological signs of sexual maturation (breast development and broading of shoulders) that do not involve sexual organs.

A

Secondary sex characteristics

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11
Q

It is a rapid increase in height, weight, and muscle and bone growth that precedes sexual maturity. (Girls: 9 1/2 to 14 1/2 ; Boys: 10 1/2 to 16)

A

Adolescent growth spurt

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12
Q

It is a boy’s first ejaculation through nocturnal emission.

A

Spermarche

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13
Q

Also known as wet dreams, it is an involuntary ejaculation of semen.

A

Nocturnal emission

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14
Q

This is a girl’s first menstruation.

A

Menarche

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15
Q

It refers to the trend that can be seen only by observing several generations, like the trend toward earlier attainment of adult height and sexual maturity, which began a century ago in some centuries.

A

Secular trend

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16
Q

True or False. Sexual maturity is earlier in developed countries than in developing countries.

A

True

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17
Q

The brain network that is sensitive to social and emotional stimuli (peer influence).

A

Socioemotional network

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18
Q

Brain network which regulates responses to stimuli.

A

Cognitive-control network

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19
Q

True or False. Amygdala matures after the prefrontal cortex.

A

False. Amygdala MATURES EARLIER than prefrontal cortex. This may explain why teens act irrationally based on emotions. Since amygdala is more on emotions and prefrontal cortex is in-charge with reason, planning, and judgement.

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20
Q

Late bedtimes and oversleeping in mornings results to _______.

A

insomnia

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21
Q

What is a hormonal gauge of the brain of when we feel sleepy?

A

Melatonin

22
Q

_________ pertains to the descriptive and evaluative beliefs about one’s appearance. More common among girls than boys.

A

Body image

23
Q

Due to body dissatisfaction, others will manifest an eating disorder that is marked by self-starvation and is potentially life threatening. What is it?

A

Anorexia nervosa

24
Q

An eating disorder in which one will engage in binge eating and then purges the body by laxatives.

A

Bulimia nervosa

25
Q

It is the repeated, harmful use of a substance, usually alcohol.

A

Substance abuse

26
Q

________ is an addiction (physical, psychological, or both) to a harmful substance.

A

Substance dependence

27
Q

It is the act of consuming five or more drink on one occasion.

A

Binge drinking

28
Q

True or False. Prevalence of depression increases among adolescence.

A

True

29
Q

What are the only antidepressant medications currently approved for adolescents?

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)

30
Q

This is the final stage of Piaget’s theory where teens are able to think abstractly.

A

formal operations

31
Q

________ is the ability to accompany the stage of formal operations, to develop, consider, and test hypothesis.

A

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning

32
Q

This is change in the information or thing inside the brain.

A

Structural change

33
Q

It pertains to the changes on how adolescents use stuff in the brain.

A

Functional change

34
Q

The long-term memory includes the following knowledge:

A
  1. Declarative knowledge (facts)
  2. Procedural knowledge (how)
  3. Conceptual knowledge (why)
35
Q

_______, described as social dialect of puberty, is coined by linguist Marcel Danesi.

A

Pubilect

36
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg’s 6 Stages in Moral Development

A

Stage 1: Orientation toward punishment and obedience
Stage 2: Instrumental purpose and exchange
Stage 3: Maintaining mutual relations
Stage 4: Social concern and conscience
Stage 5: Morality of contract, of individual rights, and of democratically accepted law.
Stage 6: Morality of ethical universal principles

37
Q

What level of Lawrence Kohlberg’s Moral Development is when people base the right thing to do on direct consequences?

A

Level 1: preconventional morality

38
Q

What level of Lawrence Kohlberg’s Moral Development is when we base morality on abstract principles. ?

A

Level 3: postconventional morality

39
Q

What level of Lawrence Kohlberg’s Moral Development is when we base morality on conforming to social norms?

A

Level 2: conventional morality

40
Q

True or False. Gender differences in moral reasoning are small.

A

True

41
Q

True or False. Prosocial reasoning based on personal reflection about consequences and on internalized values and norms decrease with age.

A

False. INCREASE WITH AGE

42
Q

True or False. Reasoning based on stereotypes such as ‘it’s nice to help’ decrease with age.

A

True

43
Q

True or False. Self-efficacy have no association with school performance.

A

False. Those high in self-efficacy tend to do well in school.

44
Q

True or False. Adolescent males have more white matter.

A

True

45
Q

True or False. Adolescent females have more grey matter.

A

True

46
Q

True or False. Adolescent females show advantage for visual and spatial performance.

A

False. Adolescent males

47
Q

True or False. Adolescent females are more able than males to integrate verbal and analytic tasks (left brain) with spatial and holistic tasks (right brain).

A

True

48
Q

What is the personal involvement in schooling, work, family, or other activity?

A

Active engagement

49
Q

This type of working students work more than 20 hrs a week and spend little time in school or leisure activities.

A

Accelerators

50
Q

This type of working students are able to balance part-time jobs,school works, and leisure activities.

A

Balancers

Developmental Psychology (15 decks)

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