Flashcards in Rivers Key Terms Deck (76)
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61
Soil moisture surplus
Occurs after a period of recharge when precipitation > evapotranspiration (winter). Soils saturated = surface run off dominates.
62
Dissolved load / Solute
Part of load that's in solution
63
Solution
Process by which minerals in rocks making up the bed and bank are dissolved by carbonic or humic acids in water. Occurs continuously and unaffected by discharge or velocity.
64
Suspension
Lighter material held in water flow by turbulent eddies.
65
Stem flow
Intercepted precipitation which runs down stems of plants to ground
66
Storm hydrograph
Graph showing discharge against time following single precipitation event
67
Suspended load
Solid particles carried within the current but not touching bed
68
Thalweg
The longitudinal profile of a streambed along its line of max velocity
69
Through fall
Incoming precipitation which falls through vegetation and is NOT intercepted
70
Through flow
Process by which water moves through the soil under the influence of gravity
71
Traction
Bed load is transported by rolling of heavy particles
72
Transpiration
Process by which water is transferred from vegetation to atmosphere via stomata on leaves - output from drainage system
73
Water table
The upper boundary of the saturated rock beneath which cracks and pores are full of water. Upper surface of ground water layer. Rises in winter and falls in summer in response to variations in precipitation
74
Watershed
The boundary between one drainage basin and another marked by a ridge of high land beyond which precipitation will fall into adjacent basins
75
Wetted perimeter
Total length of water in a cross section of a river in contact with the bed and banks
76
