Species Specific Muscle and Tendon Lesions

Question 1

What muscle diseases do dogs get?

Answer 1

eosinophilic myositis, neosporosis, and Myasthenia gravis

Question 2

What does eosinophilic myositis effect?

Answer 2

the muscles of mastication

Question 3

What can eosinophilic myositis progress to?

Answer 3

atrophic myositis

Question 4

What is eosinophilic myositis?

Answer 4

an autoimmune disease targeting type 2M myocytes

Question 5

What causes neosporosis?

Answer 5

Neospora caninum

Question 6

What is neosporosis acquired by?

Answer 6

ingesting infected tissue (aborted calves)

Question 7

What does neosporosis cause?

Answer 7

necropurulent myositis

Question 8

What is Myasthenia gravis?

Answer 8

muscle weakness

Question 9

What causes myasthania gravis?

Answer 9

a decrease of ACH receptors at the myoneural junction (can be either inherited or acquired)

Question 10

What specific gross/microscopic lesions can myasthenia gravis cause?

Answer 10

no specific gross/microscopic lesions +/- megaesophagous

Question 11

What skeletal muscle diseases do equine get?

Answer 11

exertional myopathy, equine polysaccharide storage myopathy, hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, nutritional myopathy, ionophore toxicosis, lower motor neuron disease, clostridial myositis

Question 12

What is another name for exertional myopathy?

Answer 12

equine rhabdomyolysis

Question 13

What is equine rhabdomyolysis associated with?

Answer 13

high grain ration followed by muscle use in draft horses

Question 14

What forms of exertional myopathy are there?

Answer 14

sporadic or recurrent

Question 15

What is equine rhabdomyolysis considered to be due to?

Answer 15

underlying metabolic abnormaity

Question 16

What does exertional myopathy cause?

Answer 16

acute myodegeneration which leads to myoglobinuria and increased creatine phosphokinase

Question 17

What is equine polysaccharide storage myopathy?

Answer 17

the accumulation of polysacchawride aggregates in type 2 myocytes

Question 18

What can repeated bouts of myodegeneration due to equine polysaccharide storage myopathy result in?

Answer 18

muscle atrophy

Question 19

What causes hyperkalemic periodic paralysis?

Answer 19

an autosomal dominant trait in quarter horses that is acquired from ‘impressive’

Question 20

What is the ‘pathogenesis’ of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis?

Answer 20

defective Na channel regulation in myocytes which leads to polarization abnormalities and eventually causes myotonia with or without hyperkalemia

Question 21

What is nutritional myopathy in horses?

Answer 21

it is vitamin E/Se deficiency in foals

Question 22

What clinical signs/lesions does nutritional myopathy cause in horses?

Answer 22

swollen, pale muscles with polyphasic myodegeneration

Question 23

What ionophore primarily causes ionophore toxicosis?

Answer 23

monensin

Question 24

What does ionophore toxicosis cause?

Answer 24

acute myodegeneration and necrosis

Question 25

What is lower motor neuron disease in horses?

Answer 25

lower motor neuron loss which leads to denervation of atrophy of muscles

Question 26

What can lower motor neuron disease be due to?

Answer 26

vitamin E/Se deficiency

Question 27

What causes clostridial myositis?

Answer 27

wound infection with clostridia sp.

Question 28

What does clostridial myositis cause?

Answer 28

serohemorrhagic exudate, necrosis, muscle emphysema, and malignant edema

Question 29

What skeletal muscle diseases do pigs get?

Answer 29

nutritional myopathy and malignant hyperthermia

Question 30

What causes nutritional myopathy in pigs?

Answer 30

vitamin E/Se deficiency

Question 31

What does nutritional myopathy in pigs cause?

Answer 31

lesions in skeletal muscle and or the myocardium

Question 32

What is malignant hyperthermia in pigs?

Answer 32

an inherited defect in the Ca channel regulation between T-tubule and SR which leads to Ca release into the sarcoplasm and myofiber contraction

Question 33

What does malignant hyperthermia in pigs cause?

Answer 33

acute myodegeneration

Question 34

What skeletal muscle diseases do ruminants get?

Answer 34

nutritional myopathy and clostridial myositis

Question 35

What causes nutritional myopathy in ruminants?

Answer 35

vitamin E/Se deficiency

Question 36

What does does nutritional myopathy in ruminants cause and in which specific populations?

Answer 36

lesions in skeletal muscle in calves and lambs

Question 37

What causes clostridial myositis (black leg) in ruminants?

Answer 37

Clostridia chauvoei

Question 38

What does clostridial myositis in cows cause?

Answer 38

acute necrohemorrhagic myositis with muscle emphysema

Question 39

What is the pathogenesis of clostridial myositis in ruminants?

Answer 39

bruising to anaerobic focus to germination of spores to tissue destruction due to bacterial toxins