Unit 3 - Respiratory Lecture 4 Flashcards
A litter of 8-week old kittens presented with coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, mild fever, and anorexia. What are some differential diagnoses associated with these clinical signs?
Feline calicivirus, feline rhinotracheitis, Chlamydophila felis, bordatella
A 5-year old cat presented with sneezing, nasal discharge, swelling over the bridge of the nose, enlarged submandibular lymph nodes, and no response to antibiotic therapy. What differential diagnosis are associated with these clinical signs?
neoplasia, infection (viral, bacterial, fungal), nasal foreign body, rhinitis secondary to dental disease, allergic rhinitis
What areas is Cryptococcus common in?
areas contamniated with bird droppings
What populations of cats are typically susceptible to cryptococcosis infections?
those infected with FeLV or FIV
What is another term for feline asthma?
allergic bronchitis
What histologic lesions are typically associated with allergic bronchitis in cats?
goblet cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, submucosal gland hyperplasia, Eosinophilic bronchitis/bronchiolitis
What is the pathogenesis of allergic bronchitis?
- Inhaled antigen comes in contact with IgE on the surface of mast cells
- Release granules containing inflammatory mediators
- Inflammation and smooth muscle contraction
What are nasopharyngeal polyps and how do they cause problems?
inflammatory growths that develop in the middle ear
They extend down the Eustachian tube into the back of the throat or break through the tympanic membrane and extends up the ear canal
What is a potential sequela to a nasopharyngeal polyp?
otitis media because it prevents drainage from eustachia tube
What are the risk factors for aspiration pneumonia in cats?
- Brachycephalic breeds
- Laryngeal disease
- Esophageal disease
- Persistent vomiting
- Anesthesia complications
- Neurologic disease
- Tube feeding
What is feline lung-digit syndrome?
bronchial adenocarcinoma with metastases to the digits
What key signs are indicative of feline lung-digit syndrome?
old cat, ulcerated masses on multiple feet, lung mass
A number of young horses on a farm have had bilateral purulent nasal discharge fever and submandibular lymphadenopathy. What disease is present based on these clinical signs?
strangles caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi
What is empyema?
a collection of pus within a naturally existing cavity
What is the pathogenesis of guttural pouch empyema?
- Bacterial infection of the nasopharynx
- Bacteria travel up Eustachian tube to guttural pouch
- Infection
- Guttural pouch empyema
What clinical signs are generally associated with Streptococcus equi subspecies equi infection?
mucopurulent nasal discharge, fever, gross swelling and abscessation of the submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes
What is the pathogenesis of Streptococcus equi infections?
- Exposure to carrier animal
- Infection of upper respiratory tract (rhinitis)
- Rapid transport of bacteria from tonsil to regional lymph nodes
- Lymphnode abscesses
- Lymphnode rupture and drainage
- Resolution
What are some sequela to Streptococcus equi?
- Enlarged URT lymph nodes
- Extension of infection to adjacent tissues
- Damage to cranial nerves
- Pneumonia 5. Metastatic abscesses
- Purpura hemorrhagica
What are some differentials for nasal hemorrhage?
exercise-induced pulmonary hemrrhage, guttural pouch disease, ethmoid hematoma, nasopharyngeal neoplasia, nasal foreign body
What is the pathogenesis of ethmoid hematomas in horses?
- Small vessel in nasal cavity begins to bleed
- Blood gets trapped between the bone and respiratory mucosa
- Blood accumulates and separates the mucosal lining from the bone causing a hematoma
- progressive growth of a hematoma
- ulcerates and bleeds
Approximately 50% of pneumonic foals have what lesion?
ulcerative colitis
What is the pathogenesis of heaves?
- inhaled allergens
- Airway inflammation
- Goblet cell hyperplasia with mucus hypersecretion
- mucus plugs bronchioles
- Increases effort to breath
- heaves
What is the pathogenesis of calf diphtheria?
- Continuous bawling
- Damaged laryngeal mucosa
- Colonization by Fusobacterium necrophorum
- Calf diphtheria
What bacteria are common causative agents of bacterial bronchopneumonia in cattle?
Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, Trueperella pyogenes, Mycoplasma bovis
