Tema 1. Esófago Flashcards

1
Q

Punto más estrecho del esófago

A

Unión faringoesofágica a nivel del cartílago cricoides

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2
Q

El esófago atraviesa el diafragma

A

Por el pilar derecho

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3
Q

Estrechamientos fisiológicos del esófago

A

Cricoideo
Aórtico
Bronquial (Bronquio principal izquierdo)
Diafragmático

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4
Q

Drenaje venoso del esófago

A

Esófago superior y medio –> Cava

Esófago inferior –> Porta (riesgo de varices en HTP)

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5
Q

El esófago superior está inervado por…

A

Los nervios recurrentes

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6
Q

Línea Z

A

Unión de la mucosa del esófago con la mucosa glandular gástrica

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7
Q

Plexo de Meissner

A

Submucosa, controla secreción y flujo sanguíneo

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8
Q

Plexo de Auerbach

A

Muscular, controla movilidad

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9
Q

Musculatura lisa del esófago

A

Dos tercios distales

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10
Q

Epitelio del esófago

A

Epitelio escamoso estratificado

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11
Q

Principal músculo constrictor del esófago superior

A

Cricofaríngeo. contracción tónica con relajación al deglutir

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12
Q

Triángulo de Laimer

A

Zona con menor masa muscular

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13
Q

Ondas peristálticas secundarias

A

Se generan por estímulos locales en los dos tercios distales (músculo liso)

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14
Q

Ondas peristálticas terciarias

A

No son propulsivas, se consideran patológicas

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15
Q

Aumentan el tono del EEI

A

Acetilcolina (Colinérgicos)
Gastrina
Alimentos proteicos

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16
Q

Disminuyen el tono del EEI

A

Oxido nítrico
Colecistiquinina (CCK)
Grasas, nicotina, chocolate, cafeína, alcohol, AntagCa…

17
Q

Disfagia mecánica obstructiva

A

Sólo para sólidos