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Biology 107 > Test 2 - Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Test 2 - Chapter 7 Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

DNA is composed of four kinds of _________

A

nucleotides

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2
Q

-

A
  • Deoxyribose

- Thymine

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3
Q

-DNA-

Adenine & Guanine are _________ ringed molecules

A

double

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4
Q

-DNA-

Four _________ bases that make up a DNA molecule differ in the amount of each base from _________

A
  • nucleotide

- species to species

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5
Q

-DNA-

The amount of Adenine (A) equals the amount of _________

A

Thymine (T)

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6
Q

-DNA-

The amount of Thymine (T) equals the amount of _________

A

Adenine (A)

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7
Q

-DNA-

The amount of Guanine (G) equals the amount of _________

A

Cytosine (C)

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8
Q

-DNA-

The amount of Cytosine (C) equals the amount of _________

A

Guanine (G)

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9
Q

-DNA-

Single-ringed Thymine is hydrogen bonded with a double ringed _________

A

Adenine

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10
Q

-DNA-

Single-ringed Cytosine is hydrogen bonded with a double ringed _________

A

Guanine

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11
Q

-DNA-

The backbone of the molecule is made of chains of sugar-_________ linkages

A

phosphate

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12
Q

-DNA-

The molecule is double stranded and looks like a ladder with a twist to form a _________

A

double helix

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13
Q

-DNA-

The molecule is _________ and looks like a ladder with a twist to form a double helix

A

double stranded

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14
Q

-DNA-

The base pairing is constant for all species but the sequence of base pairs in a nucleotide strand is different from one _________ to another.

A

species

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15
Q

DNA Replication (DNA is replicated only for the cell to _________ )

A

divide

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16
Q

-Assembly of the nucleotide Strand-

The two strands of the DNA _________ and the _________ bonds that hold the two cells together are broken

A
  • unwind

- hydrogen

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17
Q

-Assembly of the nucleotide Strand-

Next unattached _________ will pair with the exposed bases

A

nucleotides

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18
Q
  • DNA Replication-
  • -Assembly of the nucleotide Strand

(A) bonds to (__)

A

T

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19
Q
  • DNA Replication-
  • -Assembly of the nucleotide Strand

(C) bonds to (__)

A

G

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20
Q

Semiconservative Replication - Describes how the old is conserved into the new _________

A

generation

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21
Q

-Enzymes for replication-

DNA _________ - used to unwind the DNA

A

Helicase

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22
Q

-Enzymes for replication-

DNA _________ - puts the correct nucleotide in place

A

Polymerase

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23
Q

-Enzymes for replication-

DNA _________ - Reads the DNA to make sure there are no errors

A

Ligase

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24
Q

-DNA and Genes-

DNA, _________ , and genes are all referring to the same things

A

chromosomes

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25
-DNA and Genes- _________ is a linear stretch of DNA that codes for the assembly of amino acids into proteins
Gene
26
-DNA and Genes- _________ are a sequence of amino acids that are used as structural components in cells or as molecules to help chemical reactions
Proteins
27
-From genes to Protein Production- _________ - reading DNA to produce RNA
Transcription
28
-From genes to Protein Production- Transcription happens in the _________
nucleus
29
-From genes to Protein Production- _________ - using RNA to produce a protein
Translation
30
-From genes to Protein Production- Translation happens in the _________
ribosome
31
-Types of RNA- _________ RNA (mRNA)
Messenger
32
-Types of RNA- _________ -Carries the blueprint for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
33
``` Messenger RNA (mRNA) -Carries the blueprint for making _________ from the nucleus to the _________ ```
- proteins | - ribosomes
34
_________ | -Combines with proteins already made to form ribosome
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
35
``` Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) -Combines with _________ already made to form _________ ```
- proteins | - ribosome
36
_________ | -Carries the correct amino acid to the ribosome and pairs up with the messenger RNA in order to make a protein
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
37
``` Transfer RNA (tRNA) -Carries the correct amino acid to the _________ and pairs up with the messenger RNA in order to make a _________ ```
- ribosome | - protein
38
DNA is _________ stranded, | RNA is _________ stranded
- double | - single
39
There are different _________ between DNA & RNA
sugars
40
DNA has _________ as a base, RNA has Uracil as a base
Thymine
41
DNA has Thymine as a base, RNA has _________ as a base
Uracil
42
-mRNA to a Protein- Newly formed _________ is an unfinished molecule and it is not ready for use
mRNA
43
-mRNA to a Protein- The mRNA is modified before it leaves the _________
nucleus
44
-mRNA to a Protein- _________ - Non-coding portions, these are cut out before the mRNA leaves the nucleus (Enzymes are required to remove Introns)
Introns
45
-mRNA to a Protein- _________ - The actual coding portion of the mRNA are spliced together to produce a complete mRNA ready for translation
Exons
46
Every three bases (triplet) on the mRNA specifies for an _________
amino acid
47
The complete set of triplets is called the _________
genetic code
48
Each base triplet is called a _________
Codon
49
_________ (Methionine) is the start codon
AUG
50
[______ = an Amino acid]
AUG
51
The Anticodon is found on the _________
tRNA
52
Each _________ carries one specific Amino Acid
tRNA
53
Once the mRNA is at the ribosome, the site of _________, the anticodon of the tRNA bonds to the codon on the mRNA
translation
54
Once the mRNA is at the ribosome, the site of translation, the _________ of the tRNA bonds to the codon on the mRNA
anticodon
55
There are ___ different amino acids
20
56
Long sequences of amino acids are _________
protein
57
When the _________ is read, no amino acids are put into place until the _________ (start) codon is read
- mRNA | - AUG
58
Once the AUG is read, the amino acid _________ is put into place
methionine
59
Any codons that come before the AUG codon are _________ and do not call for any amino acids
meaningless
60
_________ takes place after AUG
Elongation
61
For every codon after the AUG, the correct amino acid is brought by a _________ and put into place
tRNA
62
As new amino acids are brought into position, they become _________ to the previous amino acid that was already in place
bonded
63
When one of the _________ stop codons is reached the process will _________
- three | - discontinue
64
Once a stop codon is reached there can be another AUG (start), which will be the _________ of another amino acid sequence
beginning

Biology 107 (19 decks)

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