Test 4 - Topic 20 Flashcards
(77 cards)
1
Q
_________ - A nerve cell, the basic unit of communication through the body
A
Neuron
2
Q
-Three types of Neurons-
_________ - Receptors for specific stimuli
A
Sensory Neurons
3
Q
-Three types of Neurons-
_________-
- Neurons found in the brain and spinal chord
- Neurons responsible for figuring out what information is called and what to do about it
A
Interneurons
4
Q
-Three types of Neurons-
Interneurons:
- Neurons found in the brain and _________
- Neurons responsible for figuring out what _________ is called and what to do about it
A
- spinal chord
- information
5
Q
-Three types of Neurons-
_________ -
Send information from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands
A
Motor Neurons
6
Q
_________ -
Cells that physically support and protect the neurons in various ways
A
Neuroglial Cells
7
Q
-Three Basic Parts of the Neuron-
_________ - Contains nucleus and most of the organelles
A
Cell Body - (soma)
8
Q
_________ - (soma)
A
Cell Body
9
Q
-Three Basic Parts of the Neuron-
_________ :
- There is a lot of them
- Short extensions off of cell body
- Receive stimuli, “input zone”
A
Dendrites
10
Q
-Three Basic Parts of the Neuron-
Dendrites:
- There is a lot of them
- Short extensions off of _________
- Receive stimuli, “_________ “
A
- cell body
- input zone
11
Q
-Three Basic Parts of the Neuron-
_________ - Usually just one, long extension that transmit impulses to other cells. “output zone”
A
Axons
12
Q
-Three Basic Parts of the Neuron-
Axons - Usually just one, long extension that _________ impulses to other cells. “_________”
A
- transmits
- output zone
13
Q
_________ -
An electric charge that moves down the neuron membrane, starts in dendrite -> cell body -> axon, in one direction only
A
Nerve Impulse
14
Q
Nerve Impulse -
An electric charge that moves down the _________ membrane, starts in _________ -> cell body -> _________, in one direction only
A
- neuron
- dendrite
- axon
15
Q
_________ - A junction between a neuron and an adjacent cell
A
Synapses
16
Q
-Nervous System-
The more elaborate the nervous system, the more _________ the life-style of an ________ is
A
- complex
- animal
17
Q
-Nervous System-
_________ :
- Simple functions
- Stereotyped movements made in response to a specific stimulus
- Sensory neuron triggers a motor neuron
A
Reflex
18
Q
-Nervous System-
Reflex:
- Simple functions
- _________ movements made in response to a specific stimulus
- Sensory _________ triggers a motor neuron
A
-Stereotyped
neuron
19
Q
-Nervous System-
_________ :
- Allows for more control for reflex actions
- The more the brain regions, the more complex life style of animal
A
Brain Regions
20
Q
-Nervous System-
Brain Regions:
- Allows for more control for _________ actions
- The more the brain regions, the more _________ life style of animal
A
- reflex
- complex
21
Q
_________ :
- Brain - Responsible for integration of internal and external stimuli
- Spinal - Pathway of signals that travel between the peripheral nervous system and the brain
A
Central Nervous System
22
Q
-Central Nervous System-
_________ - Responsible for integration of internal and external stimuli
_________ - Pathway of signals that travel between the peripheral nervous system and the brain
A
- Brain
- Spinal
23
Q
- Central Nervous System-
- Brain - Responsible for integration of internal and external _________
- Spinal - Pathway of signals that travel between the peripheral _________ system and the brain
A
- stimuli
- nervous
24
Q
-Peripheral Nervous System-
–Two sets of nerves
- _________ Nerves (31 pairs) - Connects spinal cord with most parts of the body
- _________ Nerves (12 pairs) - Connects the brain with vital organs and facial muscles
A
- Spinal
- Cranial
25
-Peripheral Nervous System-
--Two sets of nerves
1. Spinal Nerves (__ pairs) - Connects _________ cord with most parts of the body
2. Cranial Nerves (__ pairs) - Connects the brain with vital organs and _________ muscles
- 31
- spinal
- 12
- facial
26
-Peripheral Nervous System-
Some cranial nerves are only _________ , some are both sensory and _________ nerves
- sensory
| - motor
27
-Peripheral Nervous System-
_________ are both sensory and motor nerves
Spinal nerves
28
- Brain Regions-
- Hindbrain
--_________
1. Control respiration
2. Control blood circulation
3. Control sleep/wake response
Medulla oblongata
29
- Brain Regions-
- Hindbrain
--Medulla oblongata
1. Control _________
2. Control blood circulation
3. Control _________ response
- respiration
| - sleep/wake
30
- Brain Regions-
- Hindbrain
-- _________
1. Reflex center to maintain posture
2. Coordination of limbs
Cerebellum
31
- Brain Regions-
- Hindbrain
--Cerebellum
1. Reflex center to maintain _________
2. Coordination of _________
- posture
| - limbs
32
- Brain Regions-
- Hindbrain
--_________
1. Bridge between brain centers
Pons
33
- Brain Regions-
- Hindbrain
--Pons
1. Bridge between _________ centers
brain
34
-Brain Regions-
_________-
Sort visual, auditory, factory input, and sends this information to the correct brain region for integration
Midbrain
35
- Brain Regions-
- Midbrain
Sort visual, _________, factory input, and sends this information to the correct _________ region for integration
- auditory
| - brain
36
- Brain Regions-
- Forebrain
--_________
Most of integration happens here, - Integrates sensory input and selects motor responses
Cerebrum
37
- Brain Regions-
- Forebrain
--Cerebrum
Most of _________ happens here, - Integrates sensory input and selects _________ responses
- integration
| - motor
38
- Brain Regions-
- Forebrain
-- _________
Relays and coordinates sensory signals
Thalamus
39
- Brain Regions-
- Forebrain
--Thalamus
Relays and coordinates _________ signals
sensory
40
- Brain Regions-
- Forebrain
-- _________
Monitors internal organs and influences your response to hunger, thirst, and sex
Hypothalamus
41
- Brain Regions-
- Forebrain
--Hypothalamus
Monitors internal _________ and influences your response to hunger, _________, and sex
- organs
| - thirst
42
- Brain Regions-
- Forebrain
-- _________
Only mammals have this specific sight of coding and decoding information
Cerebral cortex
43
- Brain Regions-
- Forebrain
--Cerebral cortex
Only _________ have this specific sight of coding and _________ information
- mammals
| - decoding
44
_________ :
The storage and retrieval of information about previous experiences
Memory
45
_________ -
| Information is stored, specifically these are chemical and structural changes in the brain regions
Memory Traces
46
Memory Traces -
| Information is stored, specifically these are _________ and structural changes in the _________ regions
- chemical
| - brain
47
_________ Memory -
| Lasts for a few seconds to a few hours. Limited to 7-8 bits of information
Short-term
48
Short-term Memory -
| Lasts for a few seconds to a few _________. Limited to ___ bits of information
- hours
| - 7-8
49
_________ Memory -
| Much more permanent and seemingly limitless
Long-term
50
Long-term Memory -
| Much more permanent and seemingly _________
limitless
51
_________ - the loss of short-term or long-term memory or both
Amnesia
52
_________ - How alert you are or are not. Controlled by central nervous system, can be altered very easily
State of Consciousness
53
State of Consciousness - How alert you are or are not. Controlled by _________ , can be altered very easily
central nervous system
54
-Three components of sensory system-
_________ - Specialized cells that detect stimuli
Sensory receptors
55
-Three components of sensory system-
_________ - Pathways that carry the signals back to the brain
Nerve pathways
56
-Three components of sensory system-
_________ - Sensory information is processed
Brain Regions
57
_________ - Conscience awareness of a stimuli
_________ - Understanding what a sensation means
- Sensation
| - Perception
58
Sensation - Conscience awareness of a _________
Perception - Understanding what a _________ means
- stimuli
| - sensation
59
-Sensory Receptors-
_________ - Chemical molecules
- Olfactory - Smelling
- Taste - Taste buds
Chemoreceptors
60
-Sensory Receptors-
Chemoreceptors - Chemical molecules
_________ - Smelling
_________ - Taste buds
- Olfactory
| - Taste
61
-Sensory Receptors-
_________ - Detect changes in pressure, position, and acceleration
Mechanoreceptors
62
-Sensory Receptors-
_________ - Detect light
Photoreceptors
63
-Sensory Receptors-
_________ - Detect heat
Thermoreceptors
64
-Sensory Receptors-
_________ - Detect pain
Nociceptors
65
-Sensations-
_________ - Most found in fingertips and genital regions
Touch and pressure
66
-Sensations-
_________ - Perception of inquiry to some part of the body
Pain
67
-Sensations-
_________ - Pain that is felt at a distance from the real stimulation
Visceral pain
68
-Sensations-
_________ - Receptors that are found in muscle, joints, tendons, and ligaments, give awareness of your body's position
Muscle sense
69
-Sensations-
Muscle sense - Receptors that are found in muscles, joints, _________, and ligaments, give _________ of your body's position
- tendons
| - awareness
70
-Sensations-
_________ - Depends on organs of equilibrium. Found in inner ear
Balance
71
-Sensations-
_________ - Overstimulation of dendrites in inner ear
Motion sickness
72
-Vision Structure-
_________ - White part of eye
Sclera
73
-Vision Structure-
_________ - Extension of sclera that is clear and covers front of eye
Cornea
74
-Vision Structure-
_________ - Focuses an image on back of eye
Lens
75
-Vision Structure-
_________ - Photoreceptor in back of eye
Retina
76
-Vision Structure-
--Two types of _________
1. Cones - Daytime vision, detect color
2. Rods - Nighttime vision, detects black white and grey
photoreceptors
77
-Vision Structure-
--Two types of photoreceptors
1. _________ - Daytime vision, detect color
2. _________ - Nighttime vision, detects black white and grey
- Cones
| - Rods
