Test 4 - Topic 18 Flashcards by Ryan Clark

-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - Protection from injury and dehydration [largest organ in the body]

Integumentary System (Skin)

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

Integumentary System (Skin) - Protection from injury and _________ [_________ organ in the body]

dehydration

- largest

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - Movement, Works with bones to move body, Movement through hollow organs

Muscular

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

Muscular System - Movement, Works with _________ to move body, Movement through _________ organs

bones

- hollow

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - Support and protection of body parts

Skeletal

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

Skeletal System - Support and protection of _________

body parts

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - Detection of external and internal stimuli

Nervous

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

Nervous System - Detection of external and internal _________

stimuli

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - Hormone control of body functions

Endocrine

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

Endocrine System - Hormone control of _________

body functions

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - Rapid internal transportation of materials to and from cells

Circulatory

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

Circulatory System - Rapid internal transportation of _________ to and from _________

materials

- cells

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - Collects and returns extra tissue fluids to the blood to be reused, To defend the body against invading microbes (infections)

Lymphatic

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

Lymphatic System - Collects and returns extra tissue fluids to the _________ to be reused, To defend the body against invading _________ (infections)

blood

- microbes

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - lungs and other organs that help you to breathe

Respiratory

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

Respiratory System - lungs and other organs that help you to _________

breathe

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - Ingestion of food and absorption of nutrients

Digestive

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

Digestive System - Ingestion of food and absorption of _________

nutrients

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - Maintenance of the volume and composition of extracellular fluids

Urinary

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

Urinary System - Maintenance of the volume and composition of _________ fluids

extracellular

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

_________ System - Production of offspring

Reproductive

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-Matching - Organ Systems-

Reproductive System - Production of _________

offspring

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-Major Body Cavities-

_________ Cavity - Cushion (fluid) between the brain and head, connected to spinal cavity

Cranial

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-Major Body Cavities-

Cranial Cavity - Cushion (fluid) between the brain and _________, connected to _________ cavity

head

- spinal

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-Major Body Cavities- _________ Cavity - Spinal cord sits in spinal cavity

Spinal

-Major Body Cavities- Spinal Cavity - Spinal cord sits in _________ cavity

spinal

-Major Body Cavities- _________ Cavity - Chest, contains heart and lungs, surrounded by ribs

Thoracic

-Major Body Cavities- Thoracic Cavity - Chest, contains heart and _________ , surrounded by _________

- lungs | - ribs

-Major Body Cavities- _________ Cavity - Below the diaphragm and above the top of your pelvis, contains liver and some of intestines

Abdominal

-Major Body Cavities- Abdominal Cavity - Below the diaphragm and above the top of your _________, contains liver and some of _________

- pelvis | - intestines

-Major Body Cavities- _________ Cavity - Within the hips, functions for reproduction for females, also contains some intestines

Pelvic

-Major Body Cavities- Pelvic Cavity - Within the hips, functions for reproduction for _________, also contains some _________

- females | - intestines

-Directional Terms for Body Position- _________ - Furthest from the trunk

Distal

-Directional Terms for Body Position- Distal - _________ the trunk

Furthest from

-Directional Terms for Body Position- _________ -Closet to the trunk

Proximal

-Directional Terms for Body Position- Proximal - _________ the trunk

Closet to

-Directional Terms for Body Position- _________ - At or near the back

Posterior

-Directional Terms for Body Position- Posterior - At or near the _________

back

-Directional Terms for Body Position- _________ - At or near the front

-Directional Terms for Body Position- Anterior - At or near the _________

front

-Directional Terms for Body Position- _________ - Towards the head

Superior

-Directional Terms for Body Position- Superior - Towards the _________

head

-Directional Terms for Body Position- _________ - Towards the feet

Inferior

-Directional Terms for Body Position- Inferior - Towards the _________

feet

-Directional Terms for Body Position- _________ - Towards either side

Lateral

-Directional Terms for Body Position- Lateral - Towards _________

either side

-Directional Terms for Body Position- _________ - Towards the middle

Medial

-Directional Terms for Body Position- Medial - Towards the _________

middle

-Three Types of Skeletons- _________ - Forces are applied against a fluid (earthworm)

Hydrostatic skeleton

-Three Types of Skeletons- Hydrostatic skeleton - Forces are applied against a _________ (earthworm)

fluid

-Three Types of Skeletons- _________ - Forces are applied against a rigid external body covering (crayfish, grasshopper)

Exoskeleton

-Three Types of Skeletons- Exoskeleton - Forces are applied against a rigid _________ body covering (_________ , grasshopper)

- external | - crayfish

-Three Types of Skeletons- _________ - Forces are applied against a rigid internal frame (bone and cartilage in humans)

Endoskeleton

-Three Types of Skeletons- Endoskeleton - Forces are applied against a rigid _________ frame (bone and _________ in humans)

- internal | - cartilage

-Function of Bone- Bones work with _________ for movement

muscles

-Function of Bone- Bones protect _________ organs

vital

-Function of Bone- Bones support the _________ and other soft _________

- skin | - organs

-Function of Bone- Bones act as _________ for minerals (_________)

- depositories | - storage

-Function of Bone- Parts of bones are the site of red and white blood cell _________ (bone marrow)

production

-Four Types of Bone- _________ bones - Have two ends and between is a shaft (Arm - elbow joint is shaft)

Long

-Four Types of Bone- Long bones - Have two ends and between is a _________ (Arm - elbow joint is shaft)

shaft

-Four Types of Bone- _________ bones - Cubicle or boxy (wrist or ankle - contain many bones)

Short

-Four Types of Bone- Short bones - Cubicle or _________ (wrist or ankle - contain many _________ )

- boxy | - bones

-Four Types of Bone- _________ bones - Sternum, shoulder blade, pelvic

Flat

-Four Types of Bone- Flat bones - Sternum, _________ blade, _________

- shoulder | - pelvic

-Four Types of Bone- _________ bones - Spines and indentations (Inner ear)

Irregular

-Four Types of Bone- Irregular bones - Spines and _________ (Inner _________)

- indentations | - ear

bone is _________ tissue due to _________

- living | - cells

-Bone Structure- _________ bone - Outer layer of all bone, hard and dense

Compact

-Bone Structure- Compact bone - Outer layer of all _________, hard and _________

- bone | - dense

-Bone Structure- _________ bone - Found in the centers and ends of most bones and contain stem cells that are undifferentiated cells that will become blood cells

Spongy

-Bone Structure- Spongy bone - Found in the centers and _________ of most bones and contain _________ cells that are _________ cells that will become blood cells

- ends - stem - undifferentiated

There are approximately ____ bones in the human skeleton

206

The skeletal system is divided into two skeletons - _________ Skeleton - _________ Skeleton

- Axial | - Appendicular

_________ Skeleton - Skulls, vertebral column (back bone), ribs, and sternum (breast bone)

Axial

Axial Skeleton - Skulls, vertebral column (back bone), _________, and _________ (breast bone)

- ribs | - sternum

_________ Skeleton - Pelvic girdle and lower limbs and both of your pectoral girdles (shoulders) and your upper limbs

Appendicular

Appendicular Skeleton - Pelvic girdle and lower limbs and both of your _________ girdles (shoulders) and your upper _________

- pectoral | - limbs

-Three types of Joints- _________ Joints - Freely moveable joints, Has synovial fluid and cartilage to cushion the bones

Synovial

-Three types of Joints- Synovial Joints - Freely moveable joints, Has synovial _________ and cartilage to _________ the bones

- fluid | - cushion

-Three types of Joints- _________ Joints - Cartilage between the bones, no gap for fluid

Cartilaginous

-Three types of Joints- Cartilaginous Joints - Cartilage between the bones, no _________ for _________

- gap | - fluid

-Three types of Joints- _________ Joints - Bone to bone connectors in the skull, no fluid or cartilage between them, No movement

Fibrous

-Three types of Joints- Fibrous Joints - Bone to bone connectors in the _________, no fluid or _________ between them, No movement

- skull | - cartilage

-Three types of muscular tissue- _________ muscle - Work with the skeleton to move the skeleton

Skeletal

-Three types of muscular tissue- _________ muscle - Pumps blood through the body

Cardiac

-Three types of muscular tissue- _________ muscle - Forces materials through hollow organs

Smooth

-Common Muscle Characteristics- Muscles contract or _________, they never _________

- pull | - push

-Common Muscle Characteristics- Muscles contract in _________ to an _________

- response | - impulse

-Common Muscle Characteristics- Muscles are _________ (Stretchy and return to their normal _________)

- elastic | - shape

_________ - Muscles that you Can Not consciously control

Involuntary

Involuntary - Muscles that you _________ consciously control

Can Not

_________ - Muscles you Can consciously control

Voluntary

Voluntary - Muscles you _________ consciously control

Can

-Three Components of the Circulatory System- _________ - Fluid connective tissue that is made of water, solutes, and formed elements

Blood

-Three Components of the Circulatory System- Blood - Fluid connective tissue that is made of _________ , solutes, and formed _________

- water | - elements

-Three Components of the Circulatory System- _________ - A muscular pump that generates pressure to keep the blood flowing

Heart

-Three Components of the Circulatory System- Heart - A muscular pump that generates _________ to keep the _________ flowing

- pressure | - blood

-Three Components of the Circulatory System- _________ - Tubes of various diameters through which the blood is transported

Blood Vessels

-Three Components of the Circulatory System- Blood Vessels - Tubes of various _________ through which the _________ is transported

- diameters | - blood

-Two Types of Circulatory Systems- _________ system - Blood is pumped by a heart into a large tissue space where the organs are bathed by the blood. Blood is returned to the heart at a leisure rate

Open

-Two Types of Circulatory Systems- Open system - Blood is pumped by a heart into a large _________ space where the organs are _________ by the blood. Blood is returned to the heart at a _________ rate

- tissue - bathed - leisure

-Two Types of Circulatory Systems- _________ system - All of the blood is contained in blood vessels and the heart at all times. Blood volume is constant and blood flow slows as the blood moves through the smaller diameter blood vessels

Closed

-Two Types of Circulatory Systems- Closed system - All of the blood is contained in blood vessels and the _________ at all times. Blood volume is _________ and blood flow slows as the blood moves through the _________ diameter blood vessels

- heart - constant - smaller

-Blood Flow Pathway- ``` _________ >>>>>> _________ - Blood flowing away from heart >>>>>> Arterioles >>>>>> Capillaries >>>>>> Venules - Blood flowing toward the heart >>>>>> Veins >>>>>> Heart ```

- Heart | - Arteries

-Blood Flow Pathway- ``` Heart >>>>>> Arteries - Blood flowing away from heart >>>>>> _________ >>>>>> _________ >>>>>> Venules - Blood flowing toward the heart >>>>>> Veins >>>>>> Heart ```

- Arterioles | - Capillaries

-Blood Flow Pathway- ``` Heart >>>>>> Arteries - Blood flowing away from heart >>>>>> Arterioles >>>>>> Capillaries >>>>>> _________ - Blood flowing toward the heart >>>>>> _________ >>>>>> Heart ```

- Venules | - Veins

-Blood Flow Pathway- ``` Heart >>>>>> Arteries - Blood flowing _________ from heart >>>>>> Arterioles >>>>>> Capillaries >>>>>> Venules - Blood flowing _________ the heart >>>>>> Veins >>>>>> _________ ```

- away - toward - Heart

-Blood Flow Pathway- ``` Heart >>>>>> _________ - Blood flowing away from heart >>>>>> Arterioles >>>>>> _________ >>>>>> Venules - Blood flowing toward the heart >>>>>> _________ >>>>>> Heart ```

- Arteries - Capillaries - Veins

- Function of Blood- i. _________ ii. Blood contains phagocytes (white blood cells that fight infections) iii. The blood helps stabilize _________ iv. Help stabilize body temperature (98.6)

- Transportation | - internal Ph

- Function of Blood- i. Transportation ii. Blood contains _________ (white blood cells that fight infections) iii. The blood helps stabilize internal Ph iv. Help stabilize _________

- phagocytes | - body temperature (98.6)

- Function of Blood- i. Transportation ii. _________ contains phagocytes (white blood cells that fight infections) iii. The blood helps stabilize internal Ph iv. Help stabilize body temperature (___)

- Blood | - 98.6

Average adult has about ___ liters of blood (about 5 quarts)

5.5

-Formed elements within the Blood- _________: 1) The fluid part of blood (mostly water) 2) Contains minerals, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, hormones, etc.

Plasma

-Formed elements within the Blood- Plasma: 1) The _________ part of blood (mostly water) 2) Contains minerals, lipids, _________, vitamins, _________, etc.

- fluid - amino acids - hormones

-Formed elements within the Blood- _________ : 1) To transport oxygen 2) Coated with hemoglobin with iron, and the oxygen binds with the iron 3) Average red blood cell lives about 120 days

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) (RBC's)

-Formed elements within the Blood- Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) (RBC's): 1) To transport _________ 2) Coated with hemoglobin with iron, and the oxygen binds with the iron 3) Average red blood cell lives about ___ days

- oxygen | - 120

-Formed elements within the Blood- Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) (RBC's): 1) To transport oxygen 2) Coated with _________ with iron, and the _________ binds with the iron 3) Average red blood cell lives about 120 days

- hemoglobin | - oxygen

-Formed elements within the Blood- _________ : 1) To remove dead and or worn out cells 2) To protect you against invading microbes (infection)

White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)

-Formed elements within the Blood- White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) 1) To remove dead and or worn out _________ 2) To protect you against invading _________ (infection)

- cells | - microbes

-Formed elements within the Blood- _________ : For clotting (plug the hole)

Platelets

_________ Circulation - The right side of the heart pumping blood to the lungs and then back to the left side of the heart

Pulmonary

Pulmonary Circulation - The _________ side of the heart pumping blood to the _________ and then back to the left side of the heart

- right | - lungs

_________ Circulation - The left side of the heart pumping blood to the rest of the body and back to the right side of the heart

Systematic

Systematic Circulation - The _________ side of the heart pumping blood to the rest of the _________ and back to the right side of the heart

- left | - body

_________ - Durable pump that is made mostly of cardiac muscle

Heart

Heart - Durable pump that is made mostly of _________ muscle

cardiac

_________ - Two chambers in the upper portion of the heart and their function is to receive blood

Atriums

Atriums - Two chambers in the _________ portion of the heart and their function is to receive _________

- upper | - blood

_________ - Two lower chambers of the heart and their function is to pump the blood

Ventricles

Ventricles - Two _________ chambers of the heart and their _________ is to pump the blood

- lower | - function

-Cardiac Cycle- _________ - The heart is having a contraction

Systole

-Cardiac Cycle- Systole - The heart is having a _________

contraction

-Cardiac Cycle- _________ - The period between contractions, when the heart is relaxed

Diastole

-Cardiac Cycle- Diastole - The period _________ contractions, when the heart is _________

- between | - relaxed

- Blood Pressure- i. Blood pressure _________ as the blood flows away from the _________ ii. Sphygmomanometer - Used to measure blood pressure iii. Normal adult blood pressure - -- Systolic pressure - Normal is 120 plus your age up to 140 - --Diastolic pressure - 80

- drops | - heart

- Blood Pressure- i. Blood pressure drops as the blood flows away from the heart ii. _________ - Used to measure blood pressure iii. Normal adult blood pressure - -- Systolic pressure - Normal is 120 plus your age up to 140 - --Diastolic pressure - 80

-Sphygmomanometer

- Blood Pressure- i. Blood pressure drops as the blood flows away from the heart ii. Sphygmomanometer - Used to measure blood pressure iii. Normal adult blood pressure - -- Systolic pressure - Normal is ___ plus your age up to 140 - --Diastolic pressure - ____

- 120 | - 80

Normal adult blood pressure _________ pressure - Normal is 120 plus your age up to 140 _________ pressure - 80

- Systolic | - Diastolic

-Capillary Function- _________ zone - The area of exchange between the blood and the cells of the body

Diffusion

-Capillary Function- Diffusion zone - The area of exchange between the _________ and the _________ of the body

- blood | - cells

-Capillary Function- _________ - The smallest of the blood vessels

-Capillaries

-Capillary Function- Capillaries - The _________ of the blood _________

- smallest | - vessels

All cells of the human body have surface _________ and other molecules that serve as "_________" markers

- proteins | - self

The human body also has _________ that recognize these protein markers and foreign _________

- antibodies | - cells

-ABO Blood typing- 1) ABO is based on surface _________ on the _________ 2) Type A has the A protein marker 3) Type B has the B protein marker 4) Type AB has both the A and B protein marker 5) Type O has neither the A or the B protein marker

- markers | - RBCs

-ABO Blood typing- 1) ABO is based on surface markers on the RBCs 2) Type A has the A protein marker 3) Type B has the B protein marker 4) Type AB has both the A and B protein marker 5) Type ___ has neither the A or the B protein marker

_________ - A mixing of blood types which results in clumping of the blood

Agglutination

Agglutination - A mixing of blood types which results in _________ of the blood

clumping

Rh (-) _________ the Rh protein marker Rh (+) _________ the Rh protein marker

- lacks | - has

Most animals have some sort of _________ system to bring oxygen and take out _________

- respiratory | - carbon dioxide

_________ - - Integumentary Exchange - Gills - Lungs

Modes of Respiration

-Modes of Respiration- _________ - Where gases are exchanged directly through the skin. (Must have a small moist body - earthworm)

Integumentary Exchange

-Modes of Respiration- Integumentary Exchange - Where gases are exchanged directly through the _________ . (Must have a small moist body - _________ )

- skin | - earthworm

-Modes of Respiration- _________ - Work by countercurrent flow, where water flows over the gills in one direction while the blood inside the gills flows in the opposite direction

Gills

-Modes of Respiration- Gills - Work by countercurrent flow, where _________ flows over the gills in one direction while the _________ inside the gills flows in the opposite direction

- water | - blood

-Modes of Respiration- Airways to the lungs - _________ cavity

Nasal

-Airways to the lungs - ``` _________ >>>>> _________ >>>>> Larynx >>>>> Vocal Cords >>>>> Trachea >>>>> Bronchi >>>>> Bronchioles >>>>> Alveoli ```

- Nasal cavity | - Pharynx

-Airways to the lungs - ``` Nasal cavity >>>>> Pharynx >>>>> _________ >>>>> _________ >>>>> Trachea >>>>> Bronchi >>>>> Bronchioles >>>>> Alveoli ```

- Larynx | - Vocal Cords

-Airways to the lungs - ``` Nasal cavity >>>>> Pharynx >>>>> Larynx >>>>> Vocal Cords >>>>> _________ >>>>> _________ >>>>> Bronchioles >>>>> Alveoli ```

- Trachea | - Bronchi

-Airways to the lungs - ``` Nasal cavity >>>>> Pharynx >>>>> Larynx >>>>> Vocal Cords >>>>> Trachea >>>>> Bronchi >>>>> _________ >>>>> _________ ```

- Bronchioles | - Alveoli

-Airways to the lungs - ``` Nasal cavity >>>>> _________ >>>>> Larynx >>>>> Vocal Cords >>>>> _________ >>>>> Bronchi >>>>> _________ >>>>> Alveoli ```

- Pharynx - Trachea - Bronchioles

The nasal cavity - Filters _________ particles out - _________ the air - warms the _________

- dust - moistens - air

_________ - Site of gas exchange

Alveoli

- When the diaphragm _________ you inhale | - When the diaphragm _________ you exhale

- contracts | - relaxes

Test 4 - Topic 18 Flashcards

(165 cards)