- Factors that affect the habitat- - Adaptive traits which enables the _________ to exploit the _________ - Interactions between individual members of the _________

- individuals - resources - community

Test 3 - Topic 15 Flashcards by Ryan Clark

_________ - An association of interacting populations of different species living in a particular habitat

Community

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Community - An association of interacting populations of different _________ living in a particular _________

species

- habitat

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_________ - Where an organism lives

Habitat

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Factors that affect the habitat-
Interactions between the _________ and _________ (lay of the land)
Availability of _________

climate
topography
food

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Factors that affect the habitat-
Adaptive traits which enables the _________ to exploit the _________
Interactions between individual members of the _________

individuals
resources
community

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Factors that affect the habitat-
Physical _________ (fire, tornado, roads)
Immigration
Episodes of _________

disturbances

- extinction

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A. Interactions between the climate and topography (lay of the land)
B. Availability of food
C. Adaptive traits which enables the individuals to exploit the resources
D. Interactions between individual members of the community
E. Physical disturbances (fire, tornado, roads)
F. Immigration
G. Episodes of extinction

These are all:

-Factors that affect the habitat-

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_________ : Where it lives and what its doing

Niche

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Each and every species has its own _________ - Which is defined by the relationships with other _________

niche

- organisms

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_________ - address and occupation of the species

Niche

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_________ - Full range of physical and biological conditions under which individuals live and reproduce

Niche

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_________ can occur between any two species in a community and between entire _________

Interactions

- communities

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-Types of species-

_________ - Neither species is affected by the other

Neutral

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-Types of species-

Neutral - Neither _________ is affected by the other

species

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-Types of species-

_________ - Where one species benefits and the other is not affected (bird building nest in tree)

Commensalism

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-Types of species-

Commensalism - Where one species _________ and the other is _________ affected (bird building nest in tree)

benefits

- not

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-Types of species-

_________ (symbiotic relationship)- Both species benefit

Mutualism

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-Types of species-

Mutualism (symbiotic relationship)- Both species _________

benefit

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-Types of species-

_________ - Both species lose/harmed - Resources disappear quickly

Competition

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-Types of species-

Competition - Both species _________ /harmed - Resources _________ quickly

lose

- disappear

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-Types of species-

_________ - One benefits, predator - One Harmed, prey

Predation

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-Types of species-

Predation - One _________ , predator - One _________, prey

benefits

- Harmed

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-Types of species-

_________ - Parasite benefits, the host is harmed

Parasitism

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-Types of species-

Parasitism - Parasite _________ , the _________ is harmed

benefits

- host

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_________ competition - Competition Within Species

Intraspecific

(_________ means within)

Intra

_________ competition: - Most fierce type of competition - Resources disappear quickly

Intraspecific

_________ competition - Competition Between species

Interspecific

(_________ means outer)

Inter

_________ competition - All individuals have equal access to a resource but differ in their ability to exploit that resource (speed & efficiency matters)

Exploitation

Exploitation competition - All individuals have _________ access to a resource but differ in their ability to _________ that resource (speed & efficiency matters)

- equal | - exploit

_________ competition - Some individuals limit others access to the resource (Sets up territory and defends it)

Interference

Interference competition - Some individuals _________ others access to the _________ (Sets up territory and defends it)

- limit | - resource

_________ Exclusion - Complete competitors can not co-exist indefinitely (someone is left out- leave area or go die)

Competitive

Competitive Exclusion - Complete competitors can not _________ indefinitely (someone is left out- _________ area or go die)

- co-exist | - leave

_________ - Similar species are sharing the same resource in different way

Resource Partitioning

Warblers are small birds that are found up north in pine forests. All of these different species of warblers eat insects on these trees. These warblers have divided up the insects. The different species feed: - Species A eats the insects on the top of the trees - Species B eats the insects on the tips of the branches - Species C eats the insects at the base of the trees - Species D eats the insects in among the branches This is an example of:

Resource Partitioning

_________ -Both derive energy from other organisms

Predator vs. Parasite

Both derive energy from other organisms _________ - coyote, frog, squirrel _________ - ticks, fleas, mosquitos

- Predator | - Parasite

_________ - A predictable development of species in a community

Succession

_________ - The changes in species composition over time

Succession

-The Successional Model- _________ : - Pioneer species - First species to move into an area - Climax species - The last to move into an area

Succession

-The Successional Model- Succession : _________ species - First species to move into an area _________ species - The last to move into an area

- Pioneer | - Climax

-The Successional Model- _________ succession - Takes place in an area that is devoid of life (Volcano, Under a glacier)

Primary

-The Successional Model- _________ succession - Where a community re-establishes itself after a disturbance (Fire, disease, flood)

Secondary

-The Successional Model- _________ - as plant species composition change so do the animal species composition

Animals

-The Successional Model- Animals: _________ Species - Large mammals

Climax

-The Successional Model- Animals: _________ species - Insect

Pioneer

-The Successional Model- Animals: Pioneer species - _________

Insect

-The Successional Model- Animals: Climax Species - _________

Large mammals

-Community Stability or instability- _________ - Can slow the growth of the community (fire)

Short-term disturbances

-Community Stability or instability- _________ - Have destabilizing effects - usually to climate or other environmental change

Long-term changes

-Community Stability or instability- _________ species - The dominant species that dictates community structure

Keystone

-Community Stability or instability- _________ species - Species that moves into an area that is not part of their home range

Introduced

- Community Stability or instability- - -Introduced species It is natural for a _________ to expand its range - It's usually _________ and causes no problems

- species | - slow

- Community Stability or instability- - -Introduced species Ones that we transport quite _________ but climate controls their _________

- rapidly | - numbers

- Community Stability or instability- - -Introduced species Some _________ species can alter the community forever and they are _________ sustaining

- introduced | - self

_________ - "the variety of organisms considered at all levels, from genetic variants belonging to the same species to arrays of different species. " E. O. Wilson

Biodiversity

Biodiversity - "the variety of _________ considered at all levels, from _________ variants belonging to the same species to arrays of different species. " E. O. Wilson

- organisms | - genetic

- Biodiversity- - -Mainland patterns The number of species _________ from the Artic regions to the temperate zones to _________ areas

- increases | - tropical

- Biodiversity- - -Mainland patterns Biodiversity favors the _________ areas - Tropics have more rain and more sunlight (more primary productivity) - Rate of speciation was quicker in tropics

tropical

- Biodiversity- - -Mainland patterns Biodiversity favors the tropical areas - Tropics have more _________ and more sunlight (more primary productivity) - Rate of speciation was _________ in tropics

- rain | - quicker

-Biodiversity- _________ : The number of species increases from the Artic regions to the temperate zones to tropical areas

Mainland patterns

-Biodiversity- _________ : Distant effect - Further from mainland the less diverse the island is

Island Patterns

- Biodiversity- - -Island Patterns _________ - Further from mainland the less diverse the island is

Distant effect

- Biodiversity- - -Island Patterns _________ - The bigger the island the more diverse it is

Area effect

_________ in ecosystems Hydrologic cycle - the cycling of water Carbon cycle - the cycling of carbon

Cycling of materials

-Cycling of materials in ecosystems- _________ cycle - the cycling of water

Hydrologic

-Cycling of materials in ecosystems- _________ cycle - the cycling of carbon

Carbon

-Hydrologic cycle - the cycling of water- Evaporation --> _________ --> Condensation --> _________ --> Runoff --> _________ --> Evaporation

- Transpiration - Precipitation - Collecting

-Hydrologic cycle - the cycling of water- _________ --> Transpiration --> _________ --> Precipitation --> _________ --> Collecting --> _________

- Evaporation - Condensation - Runoff - Evaporation

-Carbon cycle - the cycling of carbon- Atmosphere --> _________ --> Animals --> _________

- Plants | - Atmosphere

-Carbon cycle - the cycling of carbon- _________ --> Plants --> _________ --> Atmosphere

- Atmosphere | - Animals

Carbon based Molecules _________

CO2

_________ - the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to a form that organisms can use by bacteria

Nitrogen Cycle

_________ - Used by nitrogen fixing bacteria - switch it into form plants can absorb

Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle- the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to a form that _________ can use by bacteria. The nitrogen is incorporated into many different kind of _________ and then when the organism dies, the nitrogen may be released by different _________ or other organism will absorb it and use it

- organisms - molecules - bacteria

_________ - A chemical that builds up in the tissue of animals

Biomagnification

_________ - Higher in the food web the more chemicals are stored away

Biomagnification

Test 3 - Topic 15 Flashcards

(79 cards)