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Biology 107 > Test 3 - Topic 16 > Flashcards

Test 3 - Topic 16 Flashcards

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1
Q

_________ - The study of the relationships between organisms and between organisms and their environment

A

Ecology

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2
Q

Ecology - The study of the relationships between _________ and between organisms and their _________

A
  • organisms

- environment

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3
Q

_________ interactions can happen at many different levels

A

Ecological

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4
Q

-Ecological interactions-

_________ - Interactions within the same species

A

Population

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5
Q

-Ecological interactions-

_________ - All the different populations living in a particular habitat

A

Community

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6
Q

-Ecological interactions-

_________ - The community interacting with the physical environment

A

Ecosystems

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7
Q

-Ecological interactions-

_________ - Entire part of earth that contains life

A

Biosphere

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8
Q

-Ecological interactions-

Population - Interactions within the same _________

A

species

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9
Q

-Ecological interactions-

Community - All the different _________ living in a particular _________

A
  • populations

- habitat

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10
Q

-Ecological interactions-

Ecosystems - The community _________ with the _________ environment

A
  • interacting

- physical

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11
Q

-Ecological interactions-

Biosphere - Entire part of _________ that contains _________

A
  • earth

- life

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12
Q

_________ - The study of the factors that influence variations in the number and densities of populations over time and space

A

Population dynamics

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13
Q

Population dynamics - The study of the factors that influence _________ in the number and densities of _________ over time and space

A
  • variations

- populations

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14
Q

_________ - The number of individuals per unit of area or volume

A

Population density

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15
Q

_________ - The general pattern in which the population members are dispersed

A

Distribution

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16
Q
  • Population characteristics-
  • -Distribution

_________ - Where the individuals are clustered together usually in response to environmental conditions or they are social animals

A

Clumped

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17
Q
  • Population characteristics-
  • -Distribution

_________ - Each individual is located independent of the others

A

Random

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18
Q
  • Population characteristics-
  • -Distribution

_________ - Individuals are evenly spaced usually as a result of competition or territories

A

Uniform

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19
Q
  • Population characteristics-
  • -Distribution

Clumped - Where the individuals are _________ together usually in response to _________ conditions or they are social animals

A
  • clustered

- environmental

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20
Q
  • Population characteristics-
  • -Distribution

Random - Each _________ is located _________ of the others

A
  • individual

- independent

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21
Q
  • Population characteristics-
  • -Distribution

Uniform - Individuals are _________ spaced usually as a result of _________ or territories

A
  • evenly

- competition

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22
Q

-Age structure-

_________ - Individuals that are not mature enough to reproduce

A

Pre-reproductive

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23
Q

-Age structure-

Pre-reproductive - Individuals that are not _________ enough to _________

A
  • mature

- reproduce

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24
Q

-Age structure-

_________ - Individuals that have the potential to be reproducing

A

Reproductive

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25
-Age structure- Reproductive - Individuals that have the _________ to be _________
- potential | - reproducing
26
-Age structure- _________ - At an age that is beyond the capability to reproduce
Post-reproductive
27
-Age structure- Post-reproductive - At an age that is _________ the capability to _________
- beyond | - reproduce
28
A. Pre-reproductive - Individuals that are not mature enough to reproduce B. Reproductive - Individuals that have the potential to be reproducing C. Post-reproductive - At an age that is beyond the capability to reproduce -These three categories are better than _________ brackets because not all organisms age at the same _________
- age | - rate
29
- Pre-reproductive - Reproductive - Post-reproductive _________ can go through these stages in a week or two, depending on the species of the fruit fly. A large _________ may take many years to go through these stage
- Fruit flies | - mammal
30
_________ is dependent on: - Births - Immigration - Deaths - Emigration
Population size
31
Population size is dependent on: - Births - _________ - Deaths - _________
- Immigration | - Emigration
32
_________ - When all four add up to zero (number that enters the population equals the number that leaves)
Zero population growth
33
Zero population growth - When all four add up to zero (number that _________ the population _________ the number that leaves)
- enters | - equals
34
_________ - For every year that passes the population is doubling in size
Exponential Growth
35
_________ - The maximum rate of increase in a population under ideal non-limiting conditions
Biotic potential
36
Biotic potential - The maximum rate of _________ in a population under ideal non-limiting _________
- increase | - conditions
37
The biotic potential varies from:
species to species
38
The biotic potential varies from species to species depending on: 1) How _________ the individual is when it starts to _________ 2) How often the individuals reproduce 3) How many offspring are born each time 4) How many of the offspring survive to reproduce
- old | - reproduce
39
The biotic potential varies from species to species depending on: 1) How old the individual is when it starts to reproduce 2) How _________ the individuals _________ 3) How many offspring are born each time 4) How many of the offspring survive to reproduce
- often | - reproduce
40
The biotic potential varies from species to species depending on: 1) How old the individual is when it starts to reproduce 2) How often the individuals reproduce 3) How many _________ are _________ each time 4) How many of the offspring survive to reproduce
- offspring | - born
41
The biotic potential varies from species to species depending on: 1) How old the individual is when it starts to reproduce 2) How often the individuals reproduce 3) How many offspring are born each time 4) How many of the _________ survive to _________
- offspring | - reproduce
42
-Biotic potential- The actual rate of increase of a population is _________ by environmental _________
- influenced | - circumstances
43
_________ - - Environmental circumstances - Limiting factors - anything that can be depleted (nutrients, space, water, nesting material)
Limits on a population
44
-Limits on a population- - _________ circumstances - Limiting factors - anything that can be _________ (nutrients, space, water, nesting material)
- Environmental | - depleted
45
_________ - Characterized by an S shaped curve
Logistic growth
46
-Logistic growth- _________ - The stable period in logistic growth.
Carrying capacity
47
-Logistic growth- _________ - The number of individuals that can be sustained by a particular habitat
Carrying capacity
48
-Logistic growth- Period of _________ growth
exponential
49
-Logistic growth- Carrying capacity can be _________ or raised depending on the _________
- lowered | - environment
50
-Logistic growth- _________ : - Density dependent controls - Density independent controls
Checks on population growth
51
- Logistic growth- - -Checks on population growth Density _________ controls - Population limiting factors that exert their effects with respect to the number of individuals present (Main factors - Competition, predation, parasitism, and disease
dependent
52
- Logistic growth- - -Checks on population growth Density dependent controls - Population limiting _________ that exert their effects with respect to the number of _________ present (Main factors - Competition, predation, parasitism, and disease)
- factors | - individuals
53
- Logistic growth- - -Checks on population growth Density _________ controls - Events such as weather, which tends to kill members of the population no matter how large it is (Floods, blizzards, droughts)
independent
54
- Logistic growth- - -Checks on population growth Density independent controls - Events such as_________ , which tends to kill members of the _________ no matter how large it is (Floods, blizzards, droughts)
- weather | - population
55
-Life History Patterns- _________ - Age specific patterns of life and death
Life tables
56
-Life History Patterns- _________ : (reproductive patterns)
Survivorship curves
57
- Life History Patterns- - -Types of survivorship curves Type __ curve - (generally large mammals) - Parents take care of them
1
58
- Life History Patterns- - -Types of survivorship curves Type __ curve - 50/50 chance of surviving every day (song birds or rodents)
2
59
- Life History Patterns- - -Types of survivorship curves Type __ curve - Most die young, parents leave them after birth
3
60
__ billion people currently on earth
7.3
61
_________ has the most people on earth
China
62
_________ has second most people on earth, 1.1 billion
India
63
U.S. has third most people on earth at ___ million
310
64
Every year more than ___ million people are born, 10,000 per hour
90
65
How does the human population sidestep the natural population controls: - Humans can expand into new _________ and _________ - Agricultural technology has increased the carrying capacity of the land (more corn, wheat, etc.) - Medical practices which have improved sanitary condition
- habitats | - climates
66
How does the human population sidestep the natural population controls: - Humans can expand into new habitats and climates - Agricultural technology has _________ the carrying capacity of the _________ (more corn, wheat, etc.) - Medical practices which have improved sanitary condition
- increased | - land
67
How does the human population sidestep the natural population controls: - Humans can expand into new habitats and climates - Agricultural technology has increased the carrying capacity of the land (more corn, wheat, etc.) - _________ practices which have improved _________ condition
- Medical | - sanitary
68
- Human Population- - -Present and future growth It took many thousands of years for the human population to reach __ billion
1
69
- Human Population- - -Present and future growth It took only __ years to go from 4 billion to 5 billion
12
70
- Human Population- - -Present and future growth Even at the present rate of __% population growth, the human population is rapidly reaching a size that is not _________
- 1.7 | - sustainable
71
- Human Population- - -Present and future growth At the 1st world conference in the early _________ 's the "experts" predicted that the earths carrying capacity for humans was _________ billion
- 1970 | - 300
72
- Human Population- - -Present and future growth In _________ the 2nd world conference withdrew that prediction and refused to set a number for the carrying capacity (they don't know)
1999
73
-Economics and human population growth- _________ countries - (underdeveloped) Very harsh living conditions, birth rate and death rate are high
Pre-industrial
74
-Economics and human population growth- _________ countries - Living conditions are improved, death rate is lower but birth rate is high
Transitional
75
-Economics and human population growth- _________ countries - Living conditions are greatly improved, birth rate and death rate are low, but still increasing in size (U.S. Germany)
Industrial
76
-Economics and human population growth- _________ countries - The best living conditions, have achieved zero population growth, (Sweden, Finland)
Postindustrial
77
When the economy is bad, people tend to have more _________ for some reason (sex is usually free) When the economy is good, the population _________ or stabilizes
- babies | - declines
78
Family planning programs can achieve a faster _________ in birth rate than can _________ development
- decline | - economic
79
Even if the replacement level of fertility is achieved (about ___ children per woman), the human population will continue to grow for another ___ years
- 2 | - 60

Biology 107 (19 decks)

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