Test 4 - Topic 21

Question 1

_________ Reproduction - One parent produces clones

Answer 1

Asexual

Question 2

_________ Reproduction - Two parents, variations with traits from both parents

Answer 2

Sexual

Question 3

-Difficulties of reproducing sexually-

_________ - Gametes must be mature and available at the same time

Answer 3

Timing

Question 4

-Difficulties of reproducing sexually-

–Fertilization

_________ Fertilization - Sperm and egg fused outside of body, many many gametes released at same time, most are not fertilized

Answer 4

External

Question 5

-Difficulties of reproducing sexually-

–Fertilization

External Fertilization - Sperm and egg fused outside of _________, many many gametes released at same time, most are not _________

Answer 5

• body

- fertilized

Question 6

-Difficulties of reproducing sexually-

–Fertilization

_________ Fertilization - Must be elaborate reproductive system for the delivery and reception of sperm and the development of offspring

Answer 6

Internal

Question 7

-Difficulties of reproducing sexually-

–Fertilization

Internal Fertilization - Must be _________ reproductive system for the delivery and reception of _________ and the development of offspring

Answer 7

• elaborate

- sperm

Question 8

-Difficulties of reproducing sexually-

Energy needs to be set aside for nourishing the _________ (__types of eggs)

Answer 8

• offspring

- 3

Question 9

_________ - Offspring are born or hatched early before they are fully formed and live as larva

Answer 9

Eggs with little yolk

Question 10

_________ - Have energy for offspring so offspring are hatched much more developed

Answer 10

Bird eggs

Question 11

_________ - Mammals, eggs with no stored energy

Answer 11

Eggs with no yolk

Question 12

-Stages of development-

Step 1)
Sperm and _________ are formed and _________ within the parents

Answer 12

• eggs

- mature

Question 13

-Stages of development-

Step 2)
_________ begins - As the sperm starts to penetrate the egg and is completed when the _________ nucleus fuses with the _________ nucleus

Answer 13

• Fertilizations
• sperm
• egg

Question 14

-Stages of development-

Step 3)
Next there are many repeated _________ divisions

Answer 14

mitotic

Question 15

-Stages of development-

Step 4)
Eventually the _________ begins to increase in size and three (_________) germ layers form

i. Endoderm (within) - Middle, center of embryo, develops into digestive system
ii. Mesoderm - Between other two layers, develop into skeletal and muscle systems
iii. Ectoderm - Outside, becomes skin

Answer 15

• embryo

- embryonic layers

Question 16

-Stages of development-

Step 4)
Eventually the embryo begins to increase in size and three (embryonic layers) germ layers form

i. _________ - Middle, center of embryo, develops into digestive system
ii. _________ - Between other two layers, develop into skeletal and muscle systems
iii. _________ - Outside, becomes skin

Answer 16

• Endoderm (within)
• Mesoderm
• Ectoderm

Question 17

i. Endoderm - Middle, center of _________, develops into digestive system
ii. Mesoderm - Between other two layers, develop into _________ and muscle systems
iii. Ectoderm - Outside, becomes _________

Answer 17

• embryo
• skeletal
• skin

Question 18

-Stages of development-

Step 5)
The _________ layers develop into - Tissue and into _________

Answer 18

• germ

- organs

Question 19

-Stages of development-

Step 6)
Finally the _________ acquire - Their functions

Answer 19

-organs

Question 20

-Stages of development-

Step __)
Sperm and eggs are formed and mature within the parents

Answer 20

1

Question 21

-Stages of development-

Step __)
Fertilizations begins - As the sperm starts to penetrate the egg and is completed when the sperm nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus

Answer 21

2

Question 22

-Stages of development-

Step __)
Next there are many repeated mitotic divisions

Answer 22

3

Question 23

-Stages of development-

Step __)
Eventually the embryo begins to increase in size and three (embryonic layers) germ layers form

Answer 23

4

Question 24

-Stages of development-

Step __)
The germ layers develop into - Tissue and into organs

Answer 24

5

Question 25

-Stages of development- Step __) Finally the organs acquire - Their functions

Answer 25

6

Question 26

Fertilization to birth 1. Fertilization 2. Only one sperm will successfully enter the _________ of the egg cell (_________)

Answer 26

- cytoplasm | - first there

Question 27

- Implantation- 1. In the first few days after - The _________ moves down into the uterus 2. By the time the zygote reaches the uterus it is a solid mass of cells - and is considered an _________ 3. After the first week - Embryo becomes attached to _________ wall

Answer 27

- zygote - embryo - uterus

Question 28

_________ - 1. In the first few days after - The zygote moves down into the uterus 2. By the time the zygote reaches the uterus it is a solid mass of cells - and is considered an embryo 3. After the first week - Embryo becomes attached to uterus wall

Answer 28

Implantation

Question 29

_________ - Organ of exchange between developing embryo and the mother made of fetal and material tissue

Answer 29

Placenta

Question 30

Placenta - Organ of exchange between developing _________ and the mother made of fetal and material _________

Answer 30

- embryo | - tissue

Question 31

Embryonic/fetal growth - (__ months each in humans)

Answer 31

3

Question 32

-Embryonic/fetal growth- _________- i. First 1/3 of pregnancy ii. Time of rapid growth iii. By the time this trimester is over all of the major organs are formed including arms, legs, fingers, toes

Answer 32

First trimester

Question 33

-Embryonic/fetal growth- --First trimester i. First ___ of pregnancy ii. Time of rapid _________ iii. By the time this trimester is over all of the major _________ are formed including arms, legs, fingers, toes

Answer 33

- 1/3 - growth - organs

Question 34

-Embryonic/fetal growth- _________- i. Middle third of pregnancy ii. Development slows but continues iii. Organs begin to acquire their functions

Answer 34

Second trimester

Question 35

-Embryonic/fetal growth- --Second trimester i. Middle third of _________ ii. _________ slows but continues iii. Organs begin to _________ their functions

Answer 35

- pregnancy - Development - acquire

Question 36

-Embryonic/fetal growth- _________- i. Last third of pregnancy ii. Middle of this trimester is earliest birth can take place with survival on its own

Answer 36

Third trimester

Question 37

-Embryonic/fetal growth- --Third trimester i. Last _________ of pregnancy ii. Middle of this trimester is earliest birth can take place with _________ on its own

Answer 37

- third | - survival

Question 38

- Stages of postnatal development- | 1) _________ - First two weeks of life

Answer 38

New born

Question 39

- Stages of postnatal development- | 2) _________ - From two weeks old to two years old

Answer 39

Infant

Question 40

- Stages of postnatal development- | 3) _________ - From two years until beginning of puberty

Answer 40

Child

Question 41

- Stages of postnatal development- | 4) _________ - Individual actively going through puberty , acquiring sexual maturity

Answer 41

Pubescent

Question 42

- Stages of postnatal development- | 5) _________ - Time immediately after puberty where individual is figuring out what happened during puberty

Answer 42

Adolescent

Question 43

- Stages of postnatal development- | 6) _________

Answer 43

Adult

Question 44

- Stages of postnatal development- | 7) No longer _________, only aging

Answer 44

developing

Question 45

- Aging Process- 1. Slowing of _________ 2. Slowing or loss of organ function 3. Loss of _________ tone 4. Loss of hair, teeth, skin elasticity, memory

Answer 45

- metabolism | - muscle

Question 46

- Aging Process- 1. Slowing of metabolism 2. Slowing or loss of _________ function 3. Loss of muscle tone 4. Loss of hair, _________, skin elasticity, _________

Answer 46

- organ - teeth - memory

Question 47

The causes of aging are not known, influenced by.. 1. _________ 2. _________

Answer 47

- Environment | - Genetics