Test 1 - Topic 4 (Lecture) Flashcards
1
Q
All cells have a _________ (cell) membrane, _________ , and genetic material (_________ )
A
- plasma
- cytoplasm
- DNA
2
Q
_________ - separates the inside of the cell from the environment and permits certain molecules to move in and out of the cell
A
Plasma (cell) membrane
3
Q
Plasma (cell) membrane - The plasma membrane separates the inside of the _________ from the environment and permits certain _________ to move in and out of the cell
A
- cell
- molecules
4
Q
_________ - semi-fluid matrix
A
Cytoplasm
5
Q
Cytoplasm - semi-fluid _________
A
matrix
6
Q
_________ - The instructions for cellular functions
A
Genetic Material (DNA)
7
Q
Genetic Material (DNA) - The instructions for _________ functions
A
cellular
8
Q
_________ Cells - (Simple, Primitive)
A
Prokaryotic
9
Q
Prokaryotic Cells - (_________ , Primitive)
A
Simple
10
Q
_________ = DNA (dna floating inside cell)
A
Nucleoid
11
Q
_________ - makes protein
A
Ribosome
12
Q
_________ - Advanced, has nucleus
A
Eukaryotic Cells
13
Q
_________ - Specialized compartments in a cell that perform specific functions
A
Organelles
14
Q
_________ - Contain the DNA
A
Nucleus
15
Q
Two types of Ribosomes
1)
2)
A
1) Free
2) Attached
16
Q
_________ - Transportation of Ribosomes
A
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
17
Q
Two types of ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum):
1)
2)
A
1) Rough ER
2) Smooth ER
18
Q
_________ -
Associated with the production of secretions and packaging of substances that will be expelled from the cell
A
Golgi Apparatus (Bodies)
19
Q
_________ - Does cellular respiration. The power house of the cell (make energy)
A
Mitochondria
20
Q
_________ - Photosynthesis (taking sunlight energy and convert to chemical energy)
A
Chloroplast
21
Q
_________ - Movement
A
Cilia And Flagella
22
Q
Cilia And Flagella- _________
A
Movement
23
Q
_________ - Whip like structures
A
Flagella
24
Q
_________ - Small little hairs
A
Cilia
25
Cilia - Small little _________
hairs
26
Flagella - _________ like structures
Whip
27
_________ are non-cellular infectious agents
Viruses
28
_________ are not living because they do not meet all of the characteristics of life.
Viruses
29
_________ - infects Bacteria
Bacteriophage
30
_________ - infect invertebrate and vertebrate animals
Animal Viruses
31
Most animal viruses are _________ specific
species
32
_________ - Some are not bad for the plant (stripes in some tulips are viruses etc.)
Plant Viruses
33
Scientific names or species name are made up of both the _________ and the _________ i.e. Homo sapien (humans) and Felis domestica (house cat)
- genus
| - specific epithet
34
-Taxonomic Hierarchy-
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- _________
- _________
- Genus
- Specific Epithet
- Order
| - Family
35
-Taxonomic Hierarchy-
- _________
- _________
- _________
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Specific Epithet
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
36
-Taxonomic Hierarchy-
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- _________
- _________
- Genus
| - Specific Epithet
37
-Taxonomic Hierarchy-
```
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
```
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Specific Epithet
38
```
genus and the specific epithet:
_________ _________ (humans) and _________ _________ (house cat)
```
- Homo sapien
| - Felis domestica
39
-Six Kingdoms-
_________ - Ancient bacteria
Archaea
40
-Six Kingdoms-
_________ - True bacteria
Bacteria
41
-Six Kingdoms-
_________ - Mostly single celled eukaryotic organisms
Protista
42
-Six Kingdoms-
_________ - Mostly multi-cellular - Decomposers, break down dead things
Fungi
43
-Six Kingdoms-
_________ - Multi-cellular, eukaryotic - Photosynthesis
Plantea
44
-Six Kingdoms-
_________ - eukaryotic
Animilia
45
_________ - Consumes other organisms for energy
Heterotropic
46
_________ - Consumes dead organisms & waste products of organisms
Saprophytes
47
_________ - Living host (athletes foot, ringworm)
Parasites
48
"Extra-cellular _________ Digestion and _________ " - How a fungus gets its nutrients -- (breaking down the food to molecules small enough to be absorbed)
- Enzymatic
| - Absorption
49
_________ - outside the cell
Extra-cellular
50
_________ - breaks down food
Enzymatic
51
_________ - Main part of the fungus, persistent all year round, very cob web like
Fungal Body
52
_________ - Filament of the fungal body
Hyphae (Mycelium)
53
Hyphae (Mycelium)- _________ of the _________ body
- Filament
| - fungal
54
_________ (Mycelium)
Hyphae
55
_________ - purpose is Reproduction - only present when reproducing -Fruiting body makes spores
Fruiting Body
56
Fruiting Body- purpose is _________ - only present when reproducing -Fruiting body makes _________
- Reproduction
| - spores
57
_________ - One parent - Copies of the parent, Clone.
Asexual
58
_________ - Two parents - Variations from both parents
Sexual
59
-Ecological role of fungi-
_________ - Breakdown bug bodies releasing nutrients into the environment
Death and renewal
60
-Ecological role of fungi-
_________ - Breaking down dead things
Decomposers
61
_________ - Have a nucleus and organelles
Eukaryotic
62
-Major Groups of Fungi-
_________ fungi (Zygomycota ) Bread mold
Algal-like
63
-Major Groups of Fungi-
_________ (consumes dead things -wheat)
Saprophytic
64
-Major Groups of Fungi-
_________ fungi (Ascomycota)
Sac
65
-Major Groups of Fungi-
_________ Fungi (Basidiomycota) (death cap)
Club
66
Parts of Mushroom:
- _________
- _________
- Annulus
- Stipe
- Cap
| - Gills
67
Parts of Mushroom:
- Cap
- Gills
- _________
- _________
- Annulus
| - Stipe
68
Parts of Mushroom:
-
-
-
-
- Cap
- Gills
- Annulus
- Stipe
69
_________ (Oomycota) -Needs water in order to spread
Water Mold
70
_________ Symbiotic relationship between fungi and Algae
Lichens
71
-Lichens-
_________ - relationship where they both benefit from the other
Symbiotic
72
-Lichens-
_________ can photosynthesize, fungi can not
Algae
73
-Lichens-
The _________ gives the _________ a home to live inside
- fungi
| - algae
74
-Lichens-
| _________ - anywhere, especially in hospitable places (Rock, Sand, lark)
Habitat
75
-Lichens-
_________ to air pollution
Sensitive
76
_________ -
| Symbiotic relationship between a fungi and a plant root
Mycorrhizae
77
Mycorrhizae- _________ relationship between a _________ and a plant root
- Symbiotic
| - fungi
78
Mycorrhizae -
| Connected from the root to the _________
hyphae
79
_________ -
Classification
- Single-celled eukaryotic organisms
- Not all authorities agree on what should be in this kingdom
Protista
80
Protista -
| Single-celled _________ organisms
eukaryotic
81
-Protista-
_________ (two-flagellum) - bioluminescent
Dinoflagellates
82
-Protista-
_________
- They are considered marine plankton.
- They come in many different colors.
Dinoflagellates
83
-Protista-
_________ - (Diatoms) - Environmental indicators
Golden-brown algae
84
-Protista-
_________ -
- Glass shell
- Many different shapes
- Single celled
Golden-brown algae
85
-Protista-
_________ -(Euglena) - Both animal and plantlike
Euglenophyta
86
-Protista-
_________ -
- Plant like - its green and does photosynthesis
- Animal like - its swims and eats other organisms
Euglenophyta
87
-Protista-
_________ - Eye-spot
Stigma
88
-Protista-
_________ -
1. Widespread on earth, just need moisture to live.
2. Ancestors to the modern plants
Green algae
89
-Protista-
_________ - (Kelp)
-Likes to live in relatively Cold saltwaters
Brown algae
90
-Protista-
_________ -
-Found in Warmer saltwater
Red algae
91
-Protista-
_________ -
1. Causes Tripanisoma (disease) via the tse-tse fly
2. Causes diarrhea
Flagellated Protozoan
92
-Protista-
_________ -
- Shape changer
- Causes dysentery
Amoeboid Protozoan
93
-Protista-
_________ (Paramecium)
Most complex organisms on earth
Ciliated Protzoan
94
-Protista-
_________ -
Parasites that cause diseases - Transmitted by insects (Malaria)
Sporozoan
95
-Characteristics of Bacteria-
_________ - How they get their energy
Metabolic Diversity
96
-Characteristics of Bacteria-
_________ _________-
-Make their own energy via photosynthesis
Photosynthesis Autotrophs
97
-Characteristics of Bacteria-
_________ -
- Make their own energy using chemicals
- Bacteria found around thermal vents very deep in the ocean
Chemosynthetic Autotrophs
98
-Characteristics of Bacteria-
Chemosynthetic Autotrophs -
- Make their own _________ using chemicals
- _________ found around thermal vents very deep in the ocean
- energy
| - Bacteria
99
-Characteristics of Bacteria-
_________ -
-Bacteria that consume others for energy
-They may also consume Photo/Chemosynthetic autotrophs
Heterotrophs
100
- Characteristics of Bacteria-
- Bacterial shapes
1) _________ - (sphere)
2) _________ - (Rod)
3) _________ - (Spiral)
- Coccus
- Bacillus
- Spirillum
101
-Characteristics of Bacteria-
_________ - coloration method to differentiate
1. Pink = gram positive
2. Purple = gram negative
Gram Stain
102
-Characteristics of Bacteria-
Bacterial Reproduction (can reproduce every _________ minutes)
20
103
-Characteristics of Bacteria-
_________ - Dividing into two
Binary Fission
104
-Characteristics of Bacteria-
Bacterial DNA -
- found in the _________
- Shaped as a _________
- cytoplasm
| - ring
105
-Characteristics of Bacteria-
_________ - Small extra ring of DNA (may have 3-5 extra genes on it)
-Makes it antibiotic resistant
Plasmid
106
-Archaea-
_________ - found in swamps, mud, sewers, and the intestines of animals
Methanogens
107
-Archaea-
_________ - (Salt lovers) Found in the ocean and lakes, bodies of water
-Form pink colonies on salt
Halophiles
108
-Archaea-
_________ - (Heat lovers) Found on bottom of ocean and in thermal pools
Thermophiles
109
_________ Bacteria - Blue-green bacteria
Photosynthetic
110
_________ Bacteria -
- Consume others cells
- Pathogens to humans
- Create diseases like syphilis and gonorrhea
- lyme disease
- E.coli
Heterotrophic
111
_________ (actually very complex)
These are bacteria that can sense and respond to:
- Light - They can move towards or away from light
- Oxygen
- Magnetic North detection
"Simple Bacteria"
