Unit 14 Flashcards

1
Q

attribution theory

A

the theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition

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2
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

the tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

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3
Q

attitude

A

feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

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4
Q

central route persuasion

A

attitude change path in which interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

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5
Q

peripheral route persuasion

A

attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness

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6
Q

foot-in-the-door phenomena

A

tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

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7
Q

role

A

a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

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8
Q

cognitive dissonance theory

A

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing out attitudes.

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9
Q

conformity

A

adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.

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10
Q

normative social influence

A

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

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11
Q

informational social influence

A

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept other’s opinions about reality

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12
Q

social facilitation

A

stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

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13
Q

social loafing

A

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

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14
Q

deindividuation

A

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

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15
Q

group polarization

A

the enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

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16
Q

groupthink

A

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

17
Q

culture

A

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

18
Q

norm

A

an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe “proper” behavior

19
Q

personal space

A

the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies

20
Q

prejudice

A

an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.