Soviet leader after the death of Stalin
Nikita Khrushchev
Term created by Eisenhower that described weapons makers and military influence on US foreign-policy
“Military-industrial” complex
Term that referred to idea that a nuclear attack by one nation would result in the destruction of both nations
Mutual assured destruction (MAD)
Cuban dictator in 1950s; overthrown by communist revolution in 1959
Fulgencio Batista
Cuban communist leader Who overthrew US backed dictatorship in 1959
Fidel Castro
Communist nationalist leader of Vietnamese
Ho Chi Minh
Fortress or French were defeated by Vietminh in Vietnam in 1954; resulted in French withdrawal and American involvement in Vietnam
Dien bien phu
After French defeat, these split Vietnam at the 17th parallel into communist north, non communist south
Geneva peace accords, 1954
Idea that if one country in Southeast Asia was allowed to fall to Communists others would soon follow
Domino theory
Cited national security reasons to build interstate highways (troop/nuke movements)
Highway act of 1956
Term created by David Riseman of Harvard referred to concept that people measured themselves against images created by mass media
“Other-directed” society
Cultural controversy of the 1950s that claimed American culture was becoming too standardized
Mass culture debate
Said women were natural child rearers; future of US depended on their role; parenting books that promoted traditional gender roles for women
Dr.Benjamin Spock
Example of youths revolt against conformity; first great “rock ‘n roll” star, lyrics and moves seen as sexually promiscuous and “black”
Elvis Presley
Example of male revolt against conformity, founded playboy magazine
Hugh Hefner
Example of female revolt against conformity; method of contraception that became available in 1960
Birth control pill (life savers)
Leader of NAACP in 1950s; later became 1st Supreme Court justice
Thurmond Marshall
Chief Justice of Supreme Court appointed by Eisenhower moderate views helped civil rights movement
Earl warren
Court case that ruled state mandated segregation of schools violated by constitution (equal protection under law)
Brown v Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
Court case that ruled desegregation would move forward “with all deliberate speed”
Brown II (1955)
100 members of congress denounce Supreme Court segregationist rulings and said they would support any legal resistance
Southern manifesto
Black woman whose refusal to relinquish her seat on bud sparked awareness of civil rights in 1954
Ross Parks aka Shereen (shereen is a bad bitch)
His leadership of Montgomery bus boycott makes him the leader of the entire civil rights movement to many
My boy Martin Luther King
Civil rights organization of MLK that demanded desegregation of public facilities, started voter registration drive, and promoted passive civil disobedience
Southern Christian leadership conference (SCLC)
Expedited lawsuits by African-Americans who claimed voting rights were violated and created commission on civil rights to advise government on issues
Civil rights act of 1957
High school that was forcibly desegregated by US troops in 1957 on the orders of Eisenhower
Little rock central high school
Claimed US was becoming “other directed” society of conformists
David Riseman (Harvard)
Write The Affluent s
Society; claimed wealthy Americans needed to spend more for common good
John Kenneth Galbraith
Wrote the catcher in the Rye; showed individual struggle against conformity (Holden Caulfield) and refers to “phoniness” of society
J.D. Salinger
His name makes him sound like a phony
Leader of Beats; wrote on the road; rebelled against conformity by promoting spontaneity, drugs, improvised jazz, and unorthodox literary styles to rebel against conformity
Jack Kerouac
My kind of man
Senator from Arizona who started modern conservative movement (reducing support of civil rights and domestic programs, tougher policies toward USSR
Barry Goldwater
First artificial satellite in space launched by USSR in 1957
Sputnik
Space agency founded largely as reaction to Soviet launch of Sputnik
National aeronautics and space administration (NASA)
Failed 1961 invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles lacked enough American support
Bay of pigs invasion
1962 crisis in which Soviet attempted to place nuclear missiles in Cuba JFK responded with blockade
Cuban missile crisis
Largest civil rights march of 1960s MLK gave I have a dream speech
March on Washington (1963)
Wrote the feminine mystique (1963) complained about confinement to home and lack of career opportunities for women
Betty Friedan
Conservative female activist who believed equality with men would take away many of their privileges in society (like exemption from draft)
Phyllis schafly
Accused assassin of JFK assassinated by jack ruby
Lee Harvey Oswald
Commission set up to investigate JFK and Oswald assassinations; said both Oswald and Ruby acted alone
Warren commission