Unit 9 Flashcards
Confederate attack on Fort Sumter (SC)
the event that started the Civil War
the South in the Civil War
Confederacy
a loose association of states who share a weak central government
confederation
the North in the Civil War
Union
1861-1865
years of the Civil War
southern war strategy that said Great Britain’s dependence on southern cotton would force it (GB) to recognize the Confederacy and help it fight the North
King Cotton Diplomacy
Union strategy of blockading southern ports to prevent supplies from reaching South
Anaconda Plan
Union strategy of using its superior numbers to wear the South down over time
attrition
Union victory that gave it control of the Mississippi River and thus divided the Confederacy in half
Vicksburg
Union victory in Pennsylvania that crippled the South’s offensive capabilities
Gettysburg
Union General William Sherman’s campaign that sought to break southern morale; destroyed everything in its path from Chattanooga to Savannah (including Atlanta)
“March to the Sea”
diplomatic crisis in which Confederate diplomats traveling on British steamer the Trent were seized by Union Navy, removed from Trent, and taken as POWs; British threatened war on Union; Lincoln released diplomats
Trent Affair
property seized from the enemy; slaves considered this
contraband
allowed slaves to be seized by Northern army as contraband
Confiscation Act 1861
Lincoln’s declaration of 1862 that freed all slaves in those states that were in rebellion (but not those in the border states)
Emancipation Proclamation (1862-63)
most famous black regiment of Civil War
Massachusetts 54th Regiment
emancipated every slave in the United States
13th Amendment
literally means “you shall have the body”; a judicial principle that states an accused person should be brought before a judge and informed of the charges against him or her
writ of habeas corpus
declared all men 20-45 eligible for draft; could avoid if you found sub. or you paid $300 fee
Conscription Act, 1863 (North)
carried out by poor, mostly Irish-Americans; attacked blacks and rich whites in response to Conscription Act of 1863; 117 killed
New York City Draft Riot 1863
gave recipients 160 acres of free land in Great Plains as long as you farmed it for 5 years
Homestead Act
allowed states to sell federal land to establish agricultural and technical colleges
Morrill Land Grant Act
place in Virginia where Robert E. Lee (South) officially surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant (North)
Appomattox
Union general whose strategy of attrition won the war
Ulysses S. Grant
