Unit 8 Euro Flashcards
(26 cards)
agricultural system whereby land was divided into strips; common grazing land was created; cultivation was decided by village elders
open-field system
the major problem limiting agricultural production up to 17th century; depletion of nitrogen
soil exhaustion
the concept of allowing a field to lay fallow, followed by at least two years of planting
crop rotation
not using a field for a year to allow it to replenish nitrogen
fallow
scavenging for leftover grain on ground after harvest; early form of social welfare
gleaning
progressive elimination of the fallow between 1650 and 1800
agricultural revolution
literally the fencing in of lands; done by those who believed in new scientific and efficient methods of farming
enclosure
country on continent that led in implementing new methods of agricultural production
Netherlands
choosing certain animals to mate in order to improve the breed
selective breeding
British aristocrat that was obsessed with turnips and their ability to replenish the soil
Charles Townshend
implemented scientific ways of planting
Jethro Tull
Landless laborers who worked the land for wealthy landowners
rural proletariat
System whereby poor people in rural areas supplemented their income from farming by making things in their homes
cottage industry
when merchants loaned rural poor raw materials to process into finished goods
“putting out”
term that described the idea that rural workers often didn’t work early in the week, only to work frantically later in the week to meet the deadlines of merchant capitalists
“Holy Monday”
trade associations that monitored and restricted trade and production
guild
System of economic regulations aimed at increasing state power; Goal was to create favorable balance of trade
Mercantilism
stated foreign goods must be carried on British ships with British crews OR on ships of the country making the product
Navigation Acts
treaty in which Britain gained Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Hudson Bay territory and the West African slave trade
Peace of Utrecht
treaty in which Britain gained Quebec, French lands east of Mississippi River, Florida (from Spain)and most French holdings in India
Treaty of Paris
Spanish monarch that implemented numerous effective reforms from 1700-1746
Philip V
Spanish born in the New World
creoles
theory that states economic self-interest actually created wealth for EVERYONE and that governments should implement laissez faire practices
economic liberalism
idea that the government should interfere in the economy minimally
laissez faire
