Unit 19

Question 1

term created by Eisenhower that described weapons makers and military influence on US foreign policy

Answer 1

“military-industrial” complex

Question 2

Soviet leader after the death of Stalin

Answer 2

Nikita Khrushchev

Question 3

term that referred to idea that a nuclear attack by one nation would result in the destruction of both nations

Answer 3

Mutual assured destruction (MAD)

Question 4

Cuban dictator in 1950s; overthrown by communist revolution in 1959

Answer 4

Fulgencio Batista

Question 5

Cuban communist leader who overthrew US- backed dictatorship in 1959

Answer 5

Fidel Castro

Question 6

communist-nationalist leader of Vietnamese

Answer 6

Ho Chi Minh

Question 7

fortress where French were defeated by Vietminh in Vietnam in 1954; resulted in French withdrawal and American involvement in Vietnam

Answer 7

Dien Bien Phu

Question 8

after French defeat, these split Vietnam at the 17th parallel into communist north, non-communist south

Answer 8

Geneva Peace Accords, 1954

Question 9

idea that if one country in southeast Asia was allowed to fall to communists, others would soon follow

Answer 9

Domino theory

Question 10

Cited national security reasons to build interstate highways (troop/nuke movements)

Answer 10

Highway Act of 1956

Question 11

term created by David Riesman of Harvard; referred to concept that people measured themselves against images created by mass media

Answer 11

“other-directed” society

Question 12

cultural controversy of the 1950s that claimed American culture was becoming too standardized

Answer 12

Mass Culture Debate

Question 13

said women were natural child rearers; future of US depended on their role; wrote parenting books that promoted traditional gender roles for women

Answer 13

Dr. Benjamin Spock

Question 14

example of youth’s revolt against conformity; 1st great “rock and roll” star; lyrics and moves seen as sexually promiscuous and “black”

Answer 14

Elvis Presley

Question 15

example of male revolt against conformity; founded Playboy magazine

Answer 15

Hugh Hefner

Question 16

example of female revolt against conformity; method of contraception that became available in 1960

Answer 16

Birth control pill

Question 17

leader of NAACP in 1950s; later became 1st black Supreme Court justice

Answer 17

Thurgood Marshall

Question 18

Chief Justice of Supreme Court appointed by Eisenhower; moderate views helped civil rights movement

Answer 18

Earl Warren

Question 19

court case that ruled state mandated segregation of schools violated Constitution (equal protection under law)

Answer 19

Brown v Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

Question 20

court case that ruled desegregation would move forward “with all deliberate speed”

Answer 20

Brown II (1955)

Question 21

100 members of Congress denounce Supreme Court’s segregationist rulings and said they would support any legal resistance

Answer 21

Southern Manifesto

Question 22

black woman whose refusal to relinquish her seat on bus sparked awareness of civil rights in 1954

Answer 22

Rosa Parks

Question 23

his leadership of Montgomery Bus Boycott makes him the leader of the entire civil rights movement to many

Answer 23

Martin Luther King

Question 24

civil rights organization of MLK that demanded desegregation of public facilities, started voter registration drive, and promoted passive civil disobedience

Answer 24

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Question 25

Expedited lawsuits by African-Americans who claimed voting rights were violated and created Commission on Civil Rights to advise govt on issues

Answer 25

Civil Rights Act of 1957

Question 26

high school that was forcibly desegregated by US troops in 1957 on the orders of Eisenhower

Answer 26

Little Rock Central High School

Question 27

claimed US was becoming “other directed” society of conformists

Answer 27

David Riesman (Harvard)

Question 28

wrote The Affluent Society; claimed wealthy Americans needed to spend more for common good

Answer 28

John Kenneth Galbraith

Question 29

wrote The Catcher in the Rye; showed individual struggle against conformity (Holden Caufield)and refers to “phoniness” of society

Answer 29

J. D. Salinger

Question 30

leader of Beats; wrote On the Road; rebelled against conformity by promoting spontaneity, drugs, improvised jazz, and unorthodox literary styles to rebel against conformity

Answer 30

Jack Kerouac

Question 31

Senator from Arizona who started modern conservative movement (reducing support of civil rights and domestic programs, tougher policies toward USSR

Answer 31

Barry Goldwater

Question 32

first artificial satellite in space; launched by USSR in 1957

Answer 32

Sputnik

Question 33

space agency founded largely as reaction to Soviet launch of Sputnik

Answer 33

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Question 34

failed 1961 invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles (lacked enough American support)

Answer 34

Bay of Pigs invasion

Question 35

1962 crisis in which Soviets attempted to place nuclear missiles on Cuba; JFK responded with blockade

Answer 35

Cuban Missile Crisis

Question 36

largest civil rights march of 1960s; MLK gave "I have a dream" speech

Answer 36

March on Washington (1963)

Question 37

wrote The Feminine Mystique (1963); cmplained about confinement to home and lack of career opportunities for women

Answer 37

Betty Friedan

Question 38

conservative female activist who believed equality with men would take away many of their privileges in society (like exemption from draft)

Answer 38

Phyllis Schafly

Question 39

accused assassin of JFK; assassinated by Jack Ruby

Answer 39

Lee Harvey Oswald

Question 40

commission set up to investigate JFK and Oswald assassinations; said both Oswald and Ruby acted alone

Answer 40

Warren Commission