Week 1 - Homework Quiz 1 Flashcards
Which component associated with capillaries specifically allows blood to bypass the capillary bed to ensure blood is allocated to areas with highest need?
a. Thoroughfare channels.
b. Metarterioles.
a. Thoroughfare channels.
In the baroreflex of peripheral resistance regulation what is the inciting stimulus that initiates the reflex?
a. Low blood flow to the medulla oblongata.
b. Low blood volume and blood pressure.
c. Low pH, high CO2 and or low O2.
d. High blood pressure.
e. Stress.
d. High blood pressure.
What neural reflexes of peripheral resistance regulation have receptors in the same location (located in carotids and aorta)?
a. Medullary ischemic reflex and chemoreflex.
b. All three reflexes (baroreflex, chemoreflex and medullary ischemic reflex) have the same receptors.
c. Baroreflex and chemoreflex.
d. Baroreflex and medullary ischemic reflex.
c. Baroreflex and chemoreflex.
Average blood pressure for an adult is around 120/70 mmHg. Which value corresponds to the diastole phase of the hearts cycle?
a. 70 mmHg.
b. 120 mmHg.
a. 70 mmHg.
Which component of net filtration pressure is a measure of the solutes within the blood stream such as the protein albumin?
a. Capillary hydrostatic pressure (HPc).
b. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (HPif).
c. Capillary osmotic pressure (OPc).
d. Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure (OPif).
c. Capillary osmotic pressure (OPc).
Which component of net filtration pressure normally has a value of zero due to the lymphatic system draining excess fluid out of tissues?
a. Capillary hydrostatic pressure (HPc).
b. Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure (OPif).
c. Capillary osmotic pressure (OPc).
d. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (HPif).
d. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (HPif).
What form of capillary is the most common?
a. Continuous.
b. Sinusoidal.
c. Fenestrated.
d. All capillaries are equally common.
a. Continuous.
Blood flow is proportional to what power of the radius.
a. 5th.
b. 4th.
c. 2nd.
d. 3rd.
e. 6th.
b. 4th.
If blood vessel length increased (increasing cumulative friction), what would happen to blood flow rate?
a. It decreases.
b. It stays the same.
c. It increases.
a. It decreases.
For net filtration pressure (NFP) to cause a net or overall push of fluid to leave the capillary bed should NFP be positive or negative?
a. Positive.
b. Negative.
a. Positive.
Identify the artery form that ‘conducts’ blood away from the heart.
a. Muscular arteries.
b. Arterioles.
c. Vena cava.
d. Elastic arteries.
e. Resistance arteries.
d. Elastic arteries.
What form of blood vessel acts as a blood reservoir and can hold up to 60 percent of blood volume?
a. Muscular arteries.
b. Capillaries.
c. Arteries in general.
d. Arterioles.
e. Venules and veins.
e. Venules and veins.
Which fetal circulation feature bypasses the liver of the fetus and routes blood directly to the inferior vena cava?
a. Umbilical vein.
b. Ductus venosus.
c. Foramen ovale.
d. Ductus arteriosus.
e. Umbilical artery.
b. Ductus venosus.
As blood viscosity increases what happens to blood flow rate?
a. It stays the same.
b. It decreases.
c. It increases.
b. It decreases.
Hepatic portal circulation connects two separate capillary beds in what two body regions before blood is eventually returned to the heart via the inferior vena cava?
a. Lungs and the muscle tissue of the heart.
b. Systemic and pulmonary circuits.
c. Digestive organs and the liver.
d. Right and left lungs.
e. Fetal circulation and mother’s circulation.
c. Digestive organs and the liver.
What hormone participates in the positive feedback associated with hypertension?
a. Epinephrine.
b. All of these hormones are equally involved.
c. Aldosterone.
d. Atrial natriuretic peptide.
e. Antidiuretic hormone.
c. Aldosterone.
Review Poiseuille’s law and determine which factors are INDIRECTLY proportional with blood flow?
a. Pressure only.
b. Viscosity and vessel length.
c. Viscosity and pressure.
d. Pressure and vessel radius.
e. Vessel length and vessel radius.
b. Viscosity and vessel length.
What blood vessel form is often an origin of edema due to their porosity, and is associated with health issues such as hemorrhoids?
a. Capillaries.
b. Muscular arteries.
c. Venules and veins.
d. Arterioles.
e. Arteries in general.
c. Venules and veins.
Most named arteries are muscular arteries, but what is the alternate term that I want you to recognize as a key function of this group of arteries?
a. Resistance.
b. Conducting.
c. Capacitance.
d. Distributing.
d. Distributing.
What tunic of the blood vessels is composed of simple squamous epithelium and helps regulate blood vessel diameter via secretion of appropriate chemicals?
a. Tunica media.
b. Tunica muscularis.
c. Tunica externa.
d. Tunica intima.
d. Tunica intima.
Which of the four hormonal reflexes regulating peripheral resistance will specifically increase blood volume and blood pressure BUT ALSO reduce solute concentration in the body fluids?
a. Atrial natriuretic peptide.
b. Aldosterone.
c. Epinephrine.
d. All of the listed hormones.
e. Antidiuretic hormone.
e. Antidiuretic hormone.
Which term describes a volume of blood delivered to a volume of tissue per unit time? For example, the volume of blood delivered to the frontal cortex of the brain while studying for an exam.
a. Blood flow rate.
b. Blood perfusion rate.
b. Blood perfusion rate.
What form of capillary is ‘windowed’, meaning that they are full of pores that facilitate filtration or absorption?
a. Continuous.
b. Fenestrated.
c. All capillaries are ‘windowed’ and contain these pores.
d. Sinusoidal.
b. Fenestrated.
Identify the change that will increase flow in a vessel or through the exit of an open tube (imagine an IV).
a. Increasing the size of the orifice.
b. Decreasing the pressure gradient.
c. Changing blood flow pattern from laminar to turbulent flow.
d. Decreasing the head (the difference in height from the surface of fluid in an IV bag to the outlet).
e. Increasing friction (due to a rough surface or increasing vessel length).
a. Increasing the size of the orifice.
