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BIO 233 > Week 6 - Review > Flashcards

Week 6 - Review Flashcards

1
Q

Electrolytes:

Two forming bones and teeth

A

calcium and phosphate

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2
Q

Electrolytes:

Three involved in nerve transmission

A

Sodium, Potassium, Calcium

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3
Q

Electrolytes:

Pumped out of RBCs in exchange with bicarbonate

A

Chloride

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4
Q

Electrolytes:

Maintains blood and ECF volume

A

Sodium or Chloride

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5
Q

Electrolytes:

Two cation cofactors

A

Calcium & magnesium

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6
Q

Electrolytes:

Major buffer for blood pH

A

Bicarbonate

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7
Q

Electrolytes:

Three involved in muscle contraction

A

sodium, potassium, calcium

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8
Q

Electrolytes:

The non-hydrogen component of the acid of our stomach

A

chloride

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9
Q

Electrolytes:

Important component of ATP and genetic material

A

Phosphate

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10
Q

Electrolytes:

Two electrolytes that exist in ionized & protein-bound from

A

Ca2+ & Mg2+

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11
Q

Electrolytes:

Electrolyte can shift out of cells during acidosis for (H+)

A

K+

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12
Q

Electrolytes:

Electrolyte important in blood clotting

A

Ca2+

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13
Q

Electrolytes:

Electrolyte important for maintaining cell volume

A

K+

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14
Q

What is the largest body fluid compartment?

A

Intracellular

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15
Q

What results from excess NaCl intake?

A

redistribution of body water towards solutes

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16
Q

Why do electrolytes have greater osmotic power than non-electrolytes?

A

Salts dissociate into their ions:

1 NaCL ➡ Na+ & Cl-

Having bigger impact on osmotic pressure

17
Q

During severe dehydration why would consuming plain water be dangerous?

A

Loss of water & electrolytes has already occurred.
Intake of plain water would dilute body solutes even more throwing off electrolyte balance

18
Q

What process maintains common intra & extracellular [electrolyte]?

A

Na+/K+ pump

19
Q

What hormone regulates the above electrolytes?

A

Aldosterone

20
Q

Can be stimulated to release by chemicals arising at the kidney

A

Renin

21
Q

Can be released if K+ is too high

A

Aldosterone = mineral corticoid ➡Na & K controller

22
Q

Can be initiated by chemical release from the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidney

A

Renin

23
Q

Results in dilution of the plasma solute concentration

A

ADH

(not aldosterone)

24
Q

Can be released if blood volume and pressure are too low

A

Renin

25
Q

During alkalosis, cells can shift K+ and H+.
What direction do the ions move & what results?

A
  1. H+ shifts out of the cells
  2. K+ shifts in to correct alkalosis
  3. But hypokalemia results
26
Q

If you are dehydrated &. then rehydrate too quickly with water, what happens at the fluid electrolyte level?

A
  1. Dilution of Na+
  2. Hypotonic hydration and slowing down of cells
27
Q

What happens if the parathyroid gland is over or underproductive?

A
  1. High PTH = excess Ca2+ & hyperpolarization
  2. Low PTH = little Ca2+ & depolarization
28
Q

What electrolyte imbalances could occur in hyper or hypoaldosteronism?

A

Hyperaldosteronism =
⬆Na+ ⬇K+

Hypoaldosteronism =
⬇Na+ ⬆K+

29
Q

ECF K+ is normally low & is maintained by daily dietary intake.
What would major GI distress do to this balance?
(vomiting, diarrhea, or stomach pump)

A

Loss of K+ in ECF
Hypokalemia & Hyperpolarization

30
Q

Alnumin can bind minerals (Ca) or (H+) but not both.
In acidosis or alkalosis what should be stimulated & what will result?

A

Acidosis = (H+) binds and calcium unbinds. Hypercalcemia leads to hyperpolarization

Alkalosis = (H+) unbinds and calcium binds.
Hypocalcemia leads to depolarization

31
Q

Which is more excitable and depressive.

Acidosis vs Alkalosis

A

Acidosis = more depressive

Alkalosis = more excitable

32
Q

Does this condition have:

CNS vasodilation or constriction?
Depression or hyperexcitability?

Respiratory Acidosis

A

Vasodilation in brain & edema

Depression due to edema (even though hyperkalemia occurs), LOC or coma

33
Q

Does this condition have:

CNS vasodilation or constriction?
Depression or hyperexcitability?

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

Vasoconstriction in CNS & low BF

Hyperexcitability = due to H+ unbinding from albumin & Ca2+ bindng

Hypocalcemia = Hyperexcitability

34
Q

Does this condition have:

CNS vasodilation or constriction?
Depression or hyperexcitability?

Metabolic Acidosis

A

Hyperkalemmia & GI distress…but

Depression in CNS as H+ binds to albumin & hypercalcemia results and depression

35
Q

Does this condition have:

CNS vasodilation or constriction?
Depression or hyperexcitability?

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

Hypokalemia is depressive, but…

Hypocalcemia caused H+ release from albumin and calcium binding

Hyperexcitability

BIO 233 (62 decks)

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