Week 8 - More Review

Question 1

In kidney NFP, what impact could liver disease have on HPc?

Answer 1

Increase due to low OPg & high GFR

Question 2

How does the kidney maintain GFR across such a wide range of systemic blood pressure (80-180 mmHg)?

Answer 2

By adjusting afferent & efferent arteriole diameter

Question 3

To assess GFR, it would be best to select a substance that is:

a. filtered only
b. filtered and 100% reabsorbed
c. secreted 100%

Answer 3

A. Filtered only

Question 4

High levels of which electrolytes lead to increased excitation?

a. Na+
b. K
c. Ca
d. Mg

Answer 4

Na
K

Question 5

Identify the alteration that would NOT cause edema.

a. loss of proteins due to burns
b. increases blood volume
c. decreased glomerular permeability

Answer 5

c. decreased glomerular permeability

Question 6

What would these stimuli cause the body to produce?

a. Increased osmolality, high Na+ concentration &/or decreased plasma volume & blood pressure

Answer 6

ADH production

Question 7

How does liver dysfunction or disease impact these?

a. OPg &/or OPc (kidneys vs systemic)
Urine production

Answer 7

b. OP declines (g or c) 🡺 less [plasma protein]
Urine production increases

Question 8

What is tubular maximum & how does it relate to glycosuria?

Answer 8

1. Maximum solute that can be reabsorbed
2. Excess solute (glucose) will wind up in urine

Question 9

What is the difference in function of these?
1. Juxtamedullary nephrons

2. Cortical nephrons

Answer 9

1. Juxtamedullary nephrons
   Specific to concentrating urine = 20% of nephrons
2. Cortical nephrons
   General filtering of blood = 80% of nephrons

Question 10

What is the term to describe the situation when HPg = HPc + OPg?

Answer 10

Renal Suppression = no filtering occurs

Question 11

What would these stimuli cause the body to produce?

a. Increased K+ concentration &/or decreased Na+ concentration, and low blood pressure

Answer 11

Aldosterone produced

Question 12

Kidney disease can lead to albuminuria. What do these have to do with it?

1. Podocytes – yay endfeet… cell feet
2. Decreased OPg

Answer 12

1. Podocytes regulate permeability of glomerulus
2. Reduced OPg means increased NFP & GFR

Question 13

How does the kidney respond to sudden exposure to high elevation?

Answer 13

Stimulate erythropoietin production → erythropoiesis

Question 14

What do these stimuli have in common?

1. Reduced ADH production
2. Loss of K+ from ECF
3. Reduced Na+ reabsorption

Answer 14

All act as diuretics

Question 15

How does the JGA (juxtaglomerular apparatus) impact the activity levels at the DCT & collecting duct?

Answer 15

1. JGA can produce renin →regulating Na+, water & K+ and BP/BV

• Juxtaglomerular cells – afferent arteriole for pressure
• Macula densa cells – DCT for solutes

Question 16

If the solutes move & water follows, how can the interstitial fluid in kidney medulla reach such a high solute concentration (1200 mOsm)?

Answer 16

1. Juxtamedullary Nephrons
   –Countercurrent multiplier – Loop of Henle
   –Countercurrent exchanger – Vasa Recta