Week 2 - Homework Quiz 2 Flashcards
(35 cards)
What common cause of illness or disease produces endotoxins or exotoxins as part of the process leading to illness?
a. Bacteria.
b. Viruses.
a. Bacteria.
As part of the inflammatory process more blood is rushed to the site of injury. Which cardinal sign(s) are associated with this process?
a. Redness and pain.
b. Swelling and pain.
c. Pain and healing.
d. Heat and swelling.
e. Redness and heat
e. Redness and heat
Inflammation has many chemicals that modulate this multi-step process. Identify the chemical associated with inducing pain sensation and facilitating chemotaxis.
a. Histamines.
b. Kinins.
c. Prostaglandins.
d. Lymphokines.
e. Complement proteins.
c. Prostaglandins.
Identify the cell type specifically associated with the branch of immunity known as humoral.
a. Antimicrobial proteins.
b. B cells.
c. Phagocytes.
d. NK cells.
e. T cells.
b. B cells.
What cell in the adaptive immune response is itself innate but assists the adaptive process by engulfing foreign antigens and then placing the antigenic markers on its surface to activate the correct lymphocytes to respond.
a. Naive helper T cell.
b. Naive cytotoxic T cell.
c. Naive helper B cell.
d. Dendritic cell.
e. Effector helper T cell.
d. Dendritic cell.
Identify the option that is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation.
a. Pain.
b. Swelling.
c. Redness.
d. Heat.
e. Healing.
e. Healing.
What are the benefits of getting a booster shot for immune protection?
a. Antibodies produced will bind with greater affinity to the antigen.
b. All listed options are benefits of booster shots.
c. Antibody concentration peaks at a much higher level.
d. Sensitized memory cells respond within hours to begin mounting further protection.
e. Antibody concentrations will remain higher for longer (weeks or months).
b. All listed options are benefits of booster shots.
Identify the component of the immune system that is NOT a part of the innate defense system.
a. T cells.
b. Fever.
c. Phagocytes.
d. Skin.
e. Inflammation.
a. T cells.
What intracellular structure allows the macrophage (a common form of phagocyte) to breakdown phagocytized contents?
a. Rough endoplasmic reticulum.
b. Lysosomes.
c. Mitochondria.
d. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
e. Golgi apparatus.
b. Lysosomes.
During lymphocyte maturation the cells achieve immunocompetence. In non-technical terms what does this mean?
a. Each B or T cell learns to fight each potential antigen humans could encounter.
b. B and T cells move out of the bone marrow and thymus and take up residence in the lymph nodes, spleen and lymphoid organs.
c. B and T cells that attach to our self-antigenic markers are destroyed.
c. B and T cells that attach to our self-antigenic markers are destroyed.
What cells created during an adaptive immune response effectively become a reserve army waiting until a second exposure to the pathogen occurs?
a. Dendritic cells.
b. Effector cells.
c. NK cells.
d. Phagocytes.
e. Memory cells.
e. Memory cells.
Regarding active vaccines, what does the term attenuated mean?
a. The pathogen is weakened but ‘alive’ in the injection.
b. Only the inactivated toxins from the pathogen are used.
c. The whole pathogen is ‘killed’ and used in the injection.
d. Only the antigenic markers from the pathogen are used.
a. The pathogen is weakened but ‘alive’ in the injection.
In humoral immunity, what noncellular innate component can assist in the identification of foreign antigens such as bacteria?
a. Phagocytes.
b. B cells.
c. Interferons.
d. Complement proteins.
d. Complement proteins.
Two proteins involved in innate immunity were discussed in lecture. Which one is signaled to be produced by a viral infected cell and stops that virus from infecting new cells?
a. Complement proteins.
b. Interferons.
b. Interferons.
Regarding the lymphatic system, edema in the legs could be caused by blockage of this lymphatic drainage route.
a. Subclavian veins.
b. Thoracic duct.
c. Spleen.
d. Right lymphatic duct.
e. Tonsils.
b. Thoracic duct.
The major histocompatibility complex is a set of genes and the proteins they produce that allow the immune system to identify cells or tissues as ‘self’ or ‘other’. In what two conditions must these MHCs play a role?
a. Anaphylactic shock and autoimmune disease.
b. Organ transplants and anaphylactic shock.
c. Allergies and anaphylactic shock.
d. Autoimmune disease and organ transplants.
d. Autoimmune disease and organ transplants.
Identify the way(s) that antibodies aid the immune process.
a. They stimulate phagocytosis of the antigen.
b. All listed options are correct.
c. They enhance inflammation.
d. They prevent pathogen entry into cells OR alter toxins so they cannot harm the target cell or tissue.
e. They activate complement proteins.
b. All listed options are correct.
As part of the inflammatory process the blood vessels become leaky. Which cardinal sign(s) are associated with this process?
a. Redness and pain.
b. Pain and healing.
c. Redness and heat.
d. Swelling and pain.
e. Heat and swelling.
d. Swelling and pain.
Two proteins involved in innate immunity were discussed in lecture. Which one attacks bacteria cells by attaching to them OR puncturing their cell walls?
a. Interferons.
b. Complement proteins.
b. Complement proteins.
Peyer’s patches are a type of mucous associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) associated with what structures?
a. Appendix and intestines.
b. Lymph nodes and tonsils.
c. All listed options are correct.
d. Spleen.
e. Tonsils.
a. Appendix and intestines.
In an active immunization shot, what substance is in the shot that leads to protection for the recipient?
a. Antigens.
b. Antibodies.
a. Antigens.
During a primary response to a pathogen what is a normal lag time before the immune system can begin mounting an immune response?
a. 2-3 days.
b. 1-2 days.
c. 2 weeks.
d. 3-6 days.
d. 3-6 days.
What does the phrase ‘clonal selection’ mean when describing the process of adaptive immunity?
a. Meiosis of the correct reproductive cells with genes that make them immune to a specific disease.
b. Meiosis of white blood cells like macrophages, NK cells and dendritic cells to improve phagocytosis and apoptosis.
c. Mitosis of the specific lymphocytes during an immune response that can fight the specific disease.
d. Mitosis of the correct surface barrier cells to improve surface defenses.
c. Mitosis of the specific lymphocytes during an immune response that can fight the specific disease.
Explain this. Some pathogens such as viruses cannot infect human cells (like plant viruses, or those that impact cats or dogs only), and some pathogens are not dangerous to a portion of the human population in one region, but foreigners visiting that area could become very sick.
a. All listed elements are the explanation for this phenomenon.
b. For a virus to infect human cells our cells must have a genetic code to build the receptor on the cell that allows them to enter the cell. Meaning, we let them in.
c. The ability for the correct lymphocytes to attack specific antigens requires genetic information for the specific receptors and production of correct antibodies.
a. All listed elements are the explanation for this phenomenon.
