Week 2 - Lab Handout Flashcards
Humoral Immunity Process
Which statement about CO2 is incorrect?
A. More CO2 dissolves in the blood plasma than is carried in the RBCs.
B. Its accumulation in the blood is associated with a decrease in pH
C. Its concentration in the blood is decreased by hyperventilation
D. CO2 concentrations are greater in venous blood than arterial blood
A. More CO2 dissolves in the blood plasma than is carried in the RBCs.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by:
A. diffusion
B. active transport
C. Osmosis
D. Filtration
A. diffusion
Select the correct statement about the pharynx:
A. The pharyngeal tonsil is located in the laryngopharynx
B. The laryngopharynx blends posteriorly into the nasopharynx
C. The auditory tube drains into the nasopharynx
D. The palatine tonsils are embedded in the lateral walls of the nasopharynx
C. The auditory tube drains into the nasopharynx
How is the bulk of CO2 carried in the blood?
A. Chemically combined with the amino acids of hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin in the red blood cells
B. As the bicarbonate ion in the plasma after first entering the RBCs
C. chemically combined with the heme portion of the hemoglobin
D. as carbonic acid in the plasma
B. As the bicarbonate ion in the plasma after first entering the RBCs
Which of the choices below is not a role of the pleura?
A. allows the lungs to inflate and deflate without friction
B. Aids in blood flow to and from the heart because the heart sits between the lungs
C. Helps limit the spread of local infections
D. Helps divide the thoracic cavity into three chambers
B. Aids in blood flow to and from the heart because the heart sits between the lungs
Which of the following provides the greatest surface area for gas exchange?
A. alveoli
B. alveolar sacs
C. alveolar ducts
D. respiratory bronchioles
A. alveoli
The respiratory membrane is a combination of _____.
A. alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes
B. Respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts
C. Atria and alveolar sacs
D. Respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs
A. alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes
The nose serves all the following except ____
A. As a passageway for air movement
B. Warming and humidifying the air
C. As the initiator of the cough reflex
D. cleansing the air
C. As the initiator of the cough reflex
Which of the choices below is not a factor that promotes oxygen binding to and dissociation from hemoglobin?
A. number of red blood cells
B. Partial pressure of oxygen
C. temperature
D. partial pressure of carbon dioxide
A. number of red blood cells
The factors responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall are ____
A. the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles alone
B. the visceral pleurae and the changing volume of the lungs
C. surface tension from the pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity
D. the smooth muscles of the lung
C. surface tension from the pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity
The erythrocyte count increases after a while when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because the ____.
A. temperature is lower at higher altitudes
B. concentration of O2 and/or total atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes
C. basal metabolic rate is higher at higher altitudes
D. concentration of O2 and/or total atmospheric pressure is higher at higher altitudes
B. concentration of O2 and/or total atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes
Most inspired particles such as dust fail to reach the lungs because of the ____.
A. ciliated mucous lining the nose
B. porous structure of turbinate bones
C. abundant blood supply to nasal mucosa
D. Action of the epiglottis
A. ciliated mucous lining the nose
Select the correct statement about the physical factors influencing pulmonary ventilation.
A. A decrease in compliance causes an increase in ventilation
B. A lung that is elastic will require less muscle action to perform adequate ventilation
C. Surfactant helps increase alveolar surface tension
D. As alveolar surface tension increase, additional muscle action will be required
D. As alveolar surface tension increase, additional muscle action will be required
A patient was admitted to the hospital with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. His PO2 was 66 and PCO2 was 65. A new resident orders 54% O2 via the venturi mask. One hour later, after the O2 was placed, the nurse finds the patient with no respiration or pulse. She calls for a Code Blue and begins CPR. Explain why the patient stopped breathing.
In people who retain CO2 because of pulmonary disease, arterial PCO2 is chronically elevated and chemoreceptors become unresponsive to this chemical stimulus.
In such cases, declining Po2 levels act on the oxygen-sensitive peripheral chemoreceptors and provide the principle respiratory stimulus, or the so-called hypoxic drive.
Pure oxygen will stop a person’s breathing, because his respiratory stimulus (low PO2 levels) would be removed
How will the lungs compensate for an acute rise in the partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood?
Respiratory rate will increase
