Week 3 - Homework Quiz

Question 1

Using Dalton’s law what is the partial pressure of nitrogen if the total atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg?

a. 22.8 mmHg.

b. 593.56 mmHg.

c. 159.068 mmHg.

d. 114 mmHg.

e. 360 mmHg

Answer 1

b. 593.56 mmHg.

Question 2

What component of the upper respiratory system is associated with vocalization (production of sounds)?

a. Choanae.

b. Pharynx.

c. Epiglottis.

d. Larynx.

e. Conchae

Answer 2

d. Larynx.

Question 3

How do we create conditions that are favorable for inward flow of air towards our lungs?

a. Contract respiratory muscles to increase volume and increase pressure in the thoracic cavity.

b. Contract respiratory muscles to decrease volume and decrease pressure in the thoracic cavity.

c. Contract respiratory muscles to increase volume and decrease pressure in the thoracic cavity.

d. Contract respiratory muscles to decrease volume and increase pressure in the thoracic cavity.

Answer 3

c. Contract respiratory muscles to increase volume and decrease pressure in the thoracic cavity.

Question 4

Which gas diffuses quite easily across our membranes so requires only a very small pressure difference (around 5 mmHg difference)?

a. Oxygen (O2).

b. Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Answer 4

b. Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Question 5

What type of cell produces surfactant in the respiratory system?

a. Pseudostratified columnar epithelia of the alveoli.

b. Cuboidal epithelia of the alveoli.

c. Stratified squamous epithelia of the alveoli.

d. Simple squamous epithelia of the alveoli.

Answer 5

b. Cuboidal epithelia of the alveoli.

Question 6

In Fick’s Law of Diffusion what factor represents the thickness of the respiratory membrane?

a. A.

b. Vg.

c. P2.

d. P1.

e. T

Answer 6

e. T

Question 7

As we climb in elevation (as in climbing a mountain) what happens to the environment that makes it harder to breathe?

a. The air pressure rises making it harder to push air in and out of the lungs.

b. The total atmospheric pressure falls, making the partial pressure of oxygen lower.

c. The viscosity of blood increases making it more difficult to deliver oxygen to body tissues.

d. The airways naturally constrict due to higher atmospheric pressure making it difficult to ventilate.

e. The percentage of oxygen available to breathe falls making it harder to oxygenate the blood.

Answer 7

b. The total atmospheric pressure falls, making the partial pressure of oxygen lower.

Question 8

Which pleura is on the surface of the lungs?

a. Parietal.

b. Visceral

Answer 8

b. Visceral

Question 9

What is the pressure in the intrapleural cavity relative to the atmosphere?
a.
Lower pressure than atmosphere.

b.
Higher pressure than atmosphere.

Answer 9

a.
Lower pressure than atmosphere.

Question 10

Identify the component(s) of the respiratory membrane.

a. Fluid and connective tissue between the lung and capillary membrane.

b. All listed options are components of the respiratory membrane.

c. Surfactant.

d. Pulmonary capillary.

e. Lung epithelium.

Answer 10

b. All listed options are components of the respiratory membrane.

Question 11

What component of the upper respiratory system possesses C-shaped rings of cartilage to maintain the shape of the structure?

a. Larynx.

b. Bronchi.

c. Alveoli.

d. Trachea.

e. Pharynx.

Answer 11

d. Trachea.

Question 12

What carbon dioxide pressure in the arterial blood (going to the tissues) is expected to allow the carbon dioxide to flow from the tissue into the capillaries to be taken away from the tissue toward the lungs?

a. pCO2 in arterial blood should be 0.3 mmHg.

b. pCO2 in arterial blood should be 45 mmHg.

c. pCO2 in arterial blood should be 40 mmHg.

d. pCO2 in arterial blood should be 100 mmHg.

Answer 12

c. pCO2 in arterial blood should be 40 mmHg.

Question 13

How many branches does the bronchiole tree have?

a. 14.

b. 20.

c. 23

d. 17.

e. 10.

Answer 13

c. 23

Question 13

What oxygen pressure in the venous blood (such as in the vena cava) is expected to allow the gas to flow from the alveoli into the capillaries around the lung tissue?

a. pO2 in venous blood should be 160 mmHg.

b. pO2 in venous blood should be 80 mmHg.

c. pO2 in venous blood should be 40 mmHg.

d. pO2 in venous blood should be 104 mmHg.

Answer 13

c. pO2 in venous blood should be 40 mmHg.

Question 14

Which respiratory structure is responsible for filtering, moistening and warming inspired air?

a. Choanae.

b. External nares.

c. Conchae.

d. Adenoid tonsils

e. Internal nares.

Answer 14

c. Conchae.

Question 15

Which gas requires a much higher-pressure difference (around 60 mmHg difference) to cross membranes in the human body?

a. Oxygen (O2).

b. Carbon dioxide (CO2).

Answer 15

a. Oxygen (O2).

Question 16

Refer to the lectures for lab week 3. What respiratory volume represents the normal volume of air that comes in and out under resting conditions?

a. Residual volume.

b. Total lung capacity.

c. Vital capacity.

d. Inspiratory reserve volume.

e. Tidal volume.

Answer 16

e. Tidal volume.

Question 17

What is the correct order of the three steps of respiration?

a. Ventilation, external respiration, internal respiration.

b. External respiration, internal respiration, ventilation.

c. Internal respiration, external respiration, ventilation.

d. Ventilation, internal respiration, external respiration.

Answer 17

a. Ventilation, external respiration, internal respiration.

Question 18

Where does the majority of the gas exchange occur in the respiratory system?

a. Trachea.

b. Alveoli.

c. Pleurae.

d. Bronchioles.

e. Respiratory bronchioles.

Answer 18

b. Alveoli.

Question 19

Which gas in the human body tends to fluctuate between 40-100 mmHg depending upon location (such as in the arteries versus the veins in the body).

a. Carbon dioxide (CO2).

b. Oxygen (O2

Answer 19

b. Oxygen (O2

Question 20

If surfactant is not produced by the respiratory system what can occur?

a. An inability to vasodilate the blood vessels surrounding the alveoli for gas exchange.

b. A collapse of the alveoli due to the naturally high surface tension created by the shape.

c. An inability to contract respiratory muscles (intercostals and diaphragm).

d. An inability to capture inhaled irritants on the cilia of the airways.

Answer 20

b. A collapse of the alveoli due to the naturally high surface tension created by the shape.

Question 21

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) an accumulation damaged tissue and mucus increases what factor of Fick’s Law?

a. A.

b. P1.

c. T.

d. Vg.

e. P2.

Answer 21

c. T.

Question 22

Which bronchus is larger?

a. Left.

b. Right.

Answer 22

b. Right.

Question 23

Which gas in the human body tends to fluctuate between 40-45 mmHg depending upon location (such as in the arteries versus the veins in the body).

a. Carbon dioxide (CO2).

b. Oxygen (O2).

Answer 23

a. Carbon dioxide (CO2).

Question 24

Calculate the minute volume if the tidal volume is 475 ml and respiratory rate is 20 breaths/minute. (Review the lab slides!!!)

a. 495 ml/min.

b. 9,500 ml/min.

c. 23.75 ml/min.

d. 475 ml/min.

e. 28,500 ml/min.

Answer 24

b. 9,500 ml/min.

Question 25

What structure is involved in closing off the airways while we swallow food or liquid?

a. Conchae.

b. Choanae.

c. Epiglottis.

d. Laryngopharynx.

e. Glottis.

Answer 25

c. Epiglottis.

Question 26

Consider Boyle’s Law (review the lab slides) to address this question. As respiratory muscles contract what happens to the pressure and volume in the lungs?

a. Volume decreases and pressure decreases.

b. Volume increases and pressure increases.

c. Volume increases and pressure drops.

d. Volume decreases and pressure rises.

Answer 26

c. Volume increases and pressure drops.

Question 27

Which set of terms places the components of the pharynx in correct order from superior to inferior organization?

a. Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx.

b. Laryngopharynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx.

c. Oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx.

d. Nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx.

e. Laryngopharynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx.

Answer 27

a. Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx.

Question 28

If a patient has damage to the lungs and a portion of the lung tissue is lost what factor of Fick’s Law would decrease?

a. All listed options will decrease.

b. A.

c. P2.

d. P1.

e. T.

Answer 28

b. A.

Question 29

Consider Boyle’s Law (review the lab slides) to address this question. As the diaphragm relaxes what happens to the pressure and volume in the lungs?

a. Volume decreases and pressure decreases.

b. Volume decreases and pressure rises.

c. Volume increases and pressure drops.

d. Volume increases and pressure increases.

Answer 29

b. Volume decreases and pressure rises.

Question 30

Which lung has 3 lobes?

a. Left.

b. Right.

Answer 30

b. Right.

Question 31

Refer to the lectures for lab week 3. What respiratory volume represents the maximum volume of air that can be expelled in a single breath after a deep inhalation?

a. Vital capacity.

b. Residual volume.

c. Tidal volume.

d. Inspiratory reserve volume.

e. Total lung capacity.

Answer 31

a. Vital capacity.

Question 32

Refer to the lectures for lab week 3. What respiratory volume represents the volume of air that does not leave the lungs after a forceful exhalation.

a. Inspiratory reserve volume.

b. Tidal volume.

c. Vital capacity.

d. Total lung capacity.

e. Residual volume.

Answer 32

e. Residual volume.

Question 33

If a patient is placed in a hyperbaric chamber to artificially increase the pressure of the air that they breathe what factor of Fick’s Law would increase?

a. T.

b. A.

c. P1-P2.

d. P2.

e. All listed options will increase.

Answer 33

c. P1-P2.