Week 9 - Wheels of Diseases - slides

Question 1

Body cannot make lactase enzyme.(usually made in small intestine)

Lack of breakdown & absorption (malabsorption) allows lactose to go to colon & water stays with it.

Answer 1

Lactose Intolerance

Question 2

Sore or lesion in lining of stomach wall, most often caused by Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori).

Tx – Antibiotics, proton pump inhibitor

Answer 2

gastric ulcers

Question 3

Vagus nerve action at the stomach is disrupted, so music;es of stomach or intestine do not work normally, or drugs.

High glucose of diabetes can damage this nerve.

Tx –
Adjust eating

Answer 3

Gastroparesis
(delayed gastric emptying)

Question 4

Certain stomach surgeries are main cause, but jejunum will fill too quickly with undigested food.

Tx –
Eat more protein,
Eat smaller meals

Answer 4

Dumping Syndrome
(Rapid Gastric Emptying)

Question 5

Bacterial or viral infection of GI tract causing immune response and inflammation of small intestine.

Tx –
Rehydrate

Answer 5

Gastroenteritis
(Stomach Flu)

Question 6

Genetic condition where patient cannot tolerate gluten protein which causes damage at small intestine and interferes with absorption of nutrients

Answer 6

Celiac Disease

Question 7

Impediment of flow to bile to duodenum reduces emulsification of fat & proper digestion. Gallstones common cause.

Tx –
Gall bladder removal

Answer 7

Blocked Bile Duct

Question 8

When SOD becomes too tight and does not allow normal emptying of *bile and pancreatic duct in duodenum**. Enzymes, bicarbonate, and bile are not as readily available for digestion.

Tx –
Mild = antispasm medication
Sphincterotomy – to remove stones or improve drainage

Answer 8

SOD = Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction

Question 9

Viral-caused liver inflammation due to consumption of food/drink contaminated with fecal matter.

Answer 9

Hepatitis A

Ass

Question 10

Viral-caused liver inflammation due to exposure to infected body fluids (sex STI,** needles, mother to baby.

Answer 10

Hepatitis B

Boner

Question 11

Viral-caused liver inflammation due to contact with blood from infected person. *Not an ATI.**

Answer 11

Hepatitis C

Clotting

Question 12

Esophageal lining is replaced by tissue similar to intestine. Common finding of GERD.

Tx –
Proton-pump inhibitor, surgery

Answer 12

Barrett’s Esophagus

Question 13

Autoimmune disease damaging sections of GI tract leading to **inflammation* and swelling (illeum is common) leading to diarrhea and discomfort.

Tx –
Steroids, immunosuppressant, surgery

Answer 13

Crohn’s disease

Question 14

Growth on surface of large intestine. Can be flat or pedunculated (have a stalk).

Tx –
Polypectomy

Answer 14

Colon Polyps

Question 15

**Pouches (diverticula) ** form on the colon, and are weak pouches that bulge out.

Answer 15

Diverticulosis

Question 16

Diverticula (weak out-pouches on colon) are enflammed.

Tx –
Antibiotics, dietary change

Answer 16

Diverticulitis

-itis = inflammation

Question 17

If Acid reflux occurs more than 2x/week, due to spontaneous opening of gastroesophageal sphincter & acid causes heartburn and damage.

Tx –
Antacids, proton-pump inhibitors, dietary modifications, weight loss, elevate head of bed

Answer 17

GERD - Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Question 18

Inherited iron overload disease, due to too much absorption & storage in body’s organs causing damage to liver, heart, and pancreas.

Tx –
Phlebotomy to regularly remove excess iron a pint at a time.

Answer 18

Hemochromatosis

Question 19

Functional disorder where bowel does not function correctly. Nerves and muscles may be extra sensitive causing cramping, pain, & diarrhea.

Syndrome implies ** a group of symptoms**, not disease.

Tx–
Dietary & lifestyle modification, medication (antidiarrheal, antispasmodic, laxative)

Answer 19

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Question 20

Inflammation of pancreas due to blockage, infections or medications, and enzymes inside it can damage the organ itself.

Tx–
IV, fluid replacement

Answer 20

Pancreatitis