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Microbiology Block 3 > Zoonotic GNB > Flashcards

Zoonotic GNB Flashcards

1
Q

what are the gram negative bacilli zoonotic bacteria?

A
  1. Pasteurella
  2. Yersinia pestis
  3. Francisella
  4. Brucella
  5. Bartonella
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2
Q

Pasteurella multocida

A
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3
Q

how does pasteurella multocida look like?

A

coccobacilli GNB

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4
Q

how does pasteurella multocida spread?

A

Transmission: bites of animals, cat bites *

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5
Q

pasteurella multocida will cause what?

A

Cellulitis with lymphadenitis

Wound infections

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6
Q

treatment for pasteurella multocida?

A

Amoxicillin-clavulanate *

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7
Q

Yersinia pestis

A
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8
Q

where in the US is yersinia pestis can be seen?

A

desert southwest

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9
Q

what is the biology of yersinia pestis?

A
  • Oxidase negative,
  • lactose non-fermenting
  • Bipolar staining,
  • “safety-pin” *
  • Facultative intracellular pathogen
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10
Q

how is yersinia pestis acquired?

A

through animals only

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11
Q

in urban areas, what animal can carry yersinia pestis?

A

RATS *

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12
Q

IN US - desert southwest, what animal can carry yersinia pestis?

A
  • Wild rodents *
  • Prairie-dogs,
  • ground squirrels,
  • chipmunks,
  • other wild rodents *
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13
Q

how does yersinia pestis transmit to a human?

A
  • Bites of infected FLEAS *(animal-to-animal, Animal-to-human)
  • Respiratory droplets (person-to-person spread *)
  • Direct handling * of tissue/body fluids of infected animals
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14
Q

what is the pathogenesis of yersinia pestis?

A
  • phagocytosed by PMNs, monocytes
  • resist killing and multiply
  • Death of infected phagocytes and release of organisms; multiply extracellularly in lymph node
  • Regional lymph nodes enlarged (“BUBOES” Bubonic plague*)
  • spread to bloodstream
  • dissemination to lungs (Pneumonic plague *), meninges (Plague meningitis), septicemia and septick shock (Plague septicemia)
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15
Q

what symptoms does yersinia pestis cause?

A
  • One/more enlarged lymph nodes – “Buboes”
  • Femoral/inguinal/axillary/cerivcal lymph nodes
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16
Q

how do you prevent dissemination of yersinia pestis?

A

Early treatment prevents dissemination and development of pneumonic plague and other system infections *

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17
Q

how does pulmonary dissemination spread?

A

transmits to other human through respiratory droplets

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18
Q

if pulmonary plague is left untreated what happens?

A

bubonic/septicaemic plague

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19
Q

what symptoms is seen in Pneumonic plague *?

A

cough with bloody or watery mucous

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20
Q

how infectious is Pneumonic plague *?

A

Highly infectious *

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21
Q

Rapid spread of disease occurs where?

A

in communities

22
Q

how do you know you have Septicemic plague?

A

you will see:

  • Septic shock
  • Bleeding under skin, other tissues (ecchymoses) - blackening of fingers, toes, nose*
23
Q

how do you confirm a diagnosis of plague?

A
  • Giemsa stain – you see bipolar rods *
  • Direct Fluorescent antibody (DFA) test *
24
Q

how do you treat yersinia pestis?

A

Aminoglycosides

25
Q

Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)

A
26
Q

what is Francisella tularensis biology?

A

Facultative intracellular pathogen

27
Q

what animals carry francisella tularensis?

A

rabbits, deer, rodents *

28
Q

how can you acquire francisella tularensis?

A
  • Bite of arthropod vector
  • Traumatic implantation – eg. While skinning rabbits *
  • Inhalation of aerosols – skinning animals *
29
Q

who is most prone to acquiring francisella tularensis?

A

Veterinarians, hunters, trappers *

30
Q

what dieseases will francisella tularensis cause?

A
  • Ulceroglandular disease: local ulcer + swollen regional LN *
  • Glandular: swollen lymph nodes
  • Oculoglandular: inflammation of eyes + swollen LN front of ear
  • Oropharyngeal: sore throat, mouth ulcers, swollen neck glands
  • Pneumonic: Cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing
31
Q

Brucellosis

A
32
Q

what is the biology of brucella?

A
  • Gram negative coccobacilli
  • Facultative intracellular organism
33
Q

what animals serve as a Reservoir?

A

Domestic livestock *: cattle, goats, pigs

34
Q

how does brucella spread?

A
  1. direct contact with infected animals *
  2. Unpasteurized dairy products (milk, cheese) *
35
Q

what occupations are prone to infection with brucella?

A
  • veterinarians
  • slaughterhouse workers
  • ranchers, dairy farmers *
36
Q

what are the initial symptoms of brucella?

A

Fever, Headache, pain in muscles

37
Q

what symptoms can persist after an infection with brucella?

A

Recurrent fevers (undulating pattern – rise & fall) *

Chronic fatigue

38
Q

how to you confirm a diagnosis with brucella?

A

Blood and bone marrow cultures

39
Q

how do you treat brucella?

A

Rifampicin + doxycycline for minimum of 6 weeks

40
Q

bartonella

A
41
Q

what is the biology of bartonella?

A

Small gram negative rods

Facultative intracellular organisms

42
Q

what are two types of bartonella?

A
  1. Bartonella henslae
  2. Bartonella quintana
43
Q

how do acquire bartonella henselae?

A

Cat bite/scratch

44
Q

cat scratch fever will present with what?

A

Small abcesses at site fever and localized lymphadenopathy

45
Q

how do you treat cat scratch fever?

A

Azithromycin, doxycycline

46
Q

what is another name for Bartonella quintana?

A

Trench fever

47
Q

where do we find a bartonella quintana reservoir?

A

infected human

48
Q

how is bartonella quintana spread?

A

human body louse*

49
Q

bartonella quintana is associated with what?

A

poor living conditions (poor sanitation, crowded living conditions)

50
Q

where is bartonella quintana Re-emergining?

A

among homeless populations *

51
Q

what symptoms are seen in infection with bartonella quintana?

A

Mild, relapsing fever with maculopapular rash

52
Q

how do you treat bartonella quintana?

A

Treat with broad spectrum antibiotics

Microbiology Block 3 (39 decks)

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