Pharynx and Oesophagus Flashcards
how many cervical vertebrae are there
seven
what are the viscera
internal organs
where is the pharynx located
at the base of the skull just below the sphenoid air sinus, and stretches from here to C6
what are the cervical vertebrae
the bones of the neck
what are the functions of the oropharynx
conduct air
muscles to direct food to the oesophagus for digestion and passage toward the stomach
what is the sphenoid air sinus
one of the paranasal sinuses which help to lighten the skull, add vocal resonance and pneumatise the head
what are the three parts of the pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
where is the nasopharynx
sits behind the nose
where is the oropharynx
sits behind the oral cavity
where is the laryngopharynx
the last part of the pharynx before the oesophagus or larynx
what is the pharynx
a muscular tube that stretches from the base of the skull to the oesophagus
where does the nasolarimal duct open
into the lower aspect of the nose, specifically under the inferior nasal concha
what is the function of the nasopharynx
respiratory function; it is the opening of the auditory tube.
what are adenoids
pharyngeal tonsils
what is the nasolacrimal duct
the tear duct that carries tears away from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity
where is the lacrimal sac located
it sits laterally at the orbit
when is there potential communication between the oral cavity and the nose
if there is irregular movement of the uvula or soft palate
where are tubal tonsils located
around the eustachian tube or auditory tube
what are tubal tonsils responsible for
equalising air pressure between the middle ear and the external via the throat or pharynx
what are tonsils
a collection of lymphoid tissue and chronic inflammatory cells
which tonsils are removed due to tonsilitis
adenoids, and possibly palatine tonsils
what are the functions of the oropharynx
respiratory and digestive
how does the soft palate aid the oropharynx
provides a potential way for food and fluid to pass into the nasal cavity from the oral cavity if the uvula does not function properly
why are some people able to “cry” milk
they can force the milk through their mouth and bypass the soft palates uvula
what is waldeyer’s ring
a collection of four types of tonsils
what are the four types of tonsils
- pharyngeal tonsils
- tubal tonsils
- palatine tonsils
- lingual tonsils
which tonsils are found in the nasopharynx
pharyngeal and tubal
which tonsils are foud in the oropharynx
the palatine tonsils
which tonsils are found in the posterior one third of the tongue
lingual tonsils
what is the epiglottis
elastic cartilage which functions to help close off the trachea partly when swallowing
where is the epiglottis located
the superior laryngopharynx
what is cricoid cartilage
one of the laryngeal cartilages. only one of the cartilages of the larynx that forms a complete ring all the way round this area
what forms a complete ring around the larynx
cricoid cartilage
what is the piriform fossa
an area where things like fish bones can become trapped. lies on either side of the laryngeal opening or orifice. if something is stuck there it can give the feeling of something being stuck in the throat
what is the piriform
area involved in speech. piriform means pair shaped
what is continuous with the oesophagus
the laryngopharynx
what are the two groups of the pharyngeal constricers
longitudinal and circular
what are the three pharyngeal constrictors
superior, middle and inferior.
how do the pharyngeal constrictors constrict
sequentially from superior to inferior
which bone is between the middle and inferior constrictors
hyoid bone
where is the superior constrictor found
at the base of the skull and mylohyoid
which constrictor forms the floor of the mouth
superior
where does the superior constrictor run to
the mylohyoid
where does the middle constrictor run to
hyoid bone
what is the hyoid bone
the only bone of the body to not be attached to any other bones. can also be fractured during manual strangulation - an applicated in forensic medicine
where does the inferior constrictor run to
the largest of all laryngeal cartilages (thyroid cartilage)