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Human Systems and Anatomy > Bones and Joints > Flashcards

Bones and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the pectoral girdle

A

clavicle and scapula

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2
Q

how many bones in the human body

A

206

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3
Q

how many bones in the hand and the wrist

A

27

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4
Q

how many bones in the foot and ankle

A

26

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5
Q

what is the axis of the body

A

the central part

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6
Q

describe the arrangement of bones in the upper and lower limbs

A

they are very similar

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7
Q

label this

A
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8
Q

how many bones are we born with

A

around 300

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9
Q

why does our number of bones go from 300 to 206

A

as we age they fuse together

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10
Q

what is the first bone to form

A

clavicle

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11
Q

what is the last bone to form

A

clavicle

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12
Q

why is there articular cartilage at the ends of bones

A

allow lubrication and prevent rubbing between bones

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13
Q

where is yellow marrow found and what it is

A

longer bones due to presence of fat

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14
Q

label this

A
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15
Q

what are the epiphyseal plates

A

growth plates, which allow bones to become longer. they can be confused with fracture lines on x rays

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16
Q

can articular cartilage be seen on x rays

A

no

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17
Q

what are the three types of joints

A

synovial joints
fibrous joints
cartilagenous joints

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18
Q

describe synovial joints

A

extensive movement, smooth cartilage, have synovial fluid in a capsule

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19
Q

where are synovial joints found

A

in the shoulder
elbow
wrist
knee
ankle

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20
Q

describe fibrous joints

A

no synovial cavity
the joint is held together by dense connective tissue

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21
Q

where are fibrous joints found

A

the skull

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22
Q

describe cartilagenous joints

A

no synovium, little movement held together by cartilage

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23
Q

where are cartilagenous joints found in the body

A

pelvis

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24
Q

what is necessary for a joint

A

bone
cartilage
fluid
capsule
ligaments
tendons
muscles

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25
Q

describe the cartilage associated with joints

A

hyaline

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26
Q

what are ligaments

A

passive stabilisers in the ligaments

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27
Q

what are tendons

A

musculo tendinous support, active stabilisers of joints

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28
Q

why is there muscle on joints

A

to move them

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29
Q

label this

A
30
Q

when does the anterior fontanelle usually close

A

sometime between 9 months and 18 months

31
Q

when does the posterior fontanelle close

A

by age 1 or 2 months. could already be closed at birth

32
Q

what is a syndesmosis

A

a fibrous joint between two bones that are linked by ligaments and a strong membrane

33
Q

where are syndesmoses found

A

the distal tibia and fibula

34
Q

what is a symphysis

A

a cartilagenous joint, and the bone ends are covered by hyaline cartilage, disc of fibrocartilage are found in between this.
found in the pelvis, sternum and ribs

35
Q

what is a synchondrosis

A

a primary cartilagenous joint
a type of joint where hyaline cartilage completely joins together two bones

36
Q

what are synarthroses

A

another way to refer to synchrondroses, as they are immovable joints that are referred to as synarthroses

37
Q

what are the temporary synchondroses in the body

A

epiphyseal plates
ilium, ischium, pubis

38
Q

what are the permanent synchondroses

A

the first sternocostal joint

39
Q

label this

A
40
Q

label this

A
41
Q

label this

A
42
Q

what three bones make up the pelvis

A

ilium
pubis
ischium

43
Q

what holds together the three bones of pelvis

A

synchondrosis

44
Q

what is the name given to a joint held together by cartilage

A

synchondrosis

45
Q

what are the two parts of the skull bones

A

neurocranium
viscerocranium

46
Q

how many bones in the viscerocranium

A

14

47
Q

what is the zygoma

A

crash impact barrier

48
Q

what is the weakest point of the skull

A

pterion

49
Q

why is the pterion the weakest point of the skull

A

trauma at this point can result in rupture of the blood vessels just deep to this, the middle meningeal blood vessels in the artery
extra dural haemorrhage

50
Q

label this

A
51
Q

label this

A
52
Q

what vertebrae can be felt as a bony prominence on the back of the neck

A

C7

53
Q

which vertebrae has a process that looks like a tooth

A

C2

54
Q

what does the pectoral girdle do

A

connect each arm

55
Q

what is the sternal angle

A

second rib

56
Q

where is the costochondral joint

A

the joint between the costal cartilage and the ribs

57
Q

label this

A
58
Q

label this

A
59
Q

what drug can be provided to prevent muscles from spasming after injury

A

midazolam

60
Q

label this

A
61
Q

label this

A
62
Q

label this

A
63
Q

label this

A
64
Q

label this

A
65
Q

what are the three bone types of the hand and how many do we have

A

14 phalanges
5 metacarpals
8 carpal bones

66
Q

label this

A
67
Q

label this

A
68
Q

label this

A
69
Q

label this

A
70
Q

label this

A
71
Q

describe the bones of the feet and how many there are

A

14 phalanges
5 metatarsals
7 tarsals

Human Systems and Anatomy (54 decks)

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