Growth Physiology Flashcards
what can growth involve
- increase in cell numbers
- increase in cell size
- some cells can grow or regenerate but others cannot
what is hyperplasia
increased cell numbers
what is hypertrophy
increased cell size
what are some cells that can regenerate
liver
skin
blood cells
what are some cells that cannot regenerate
neurons
which factors can affect growth
- genes, hereditary
- environment
what are environmental factors that impact growth
- nutrition
- disease
- growth factors, such as hormones
what are some hormones influencing growth
- thyroid hormones
- growth hormone
- sex hormones
- insulin
- cortisol
- vitamine D, parathyroid hormone
are the impacts of thyroid hormone on growth direct or indirect
indirect
when does the brain and face stop growing
12
when does growth of the head reach a plateau
12
why is most orthodontic treatment not carried out until after 12
growth is not stable until after this
what is the first growth spurt associated with
growth hormone, plateau happens
what is the second growth spurt associated with
presence of reproductive organs and associated homrones
what is the second growth spurt associated with
reproductive organs
why do vitamin D and parathyroid hormone have an effect on growth
their role in mobilisation of calcium and bone formation
what are the functions of thyroid hormone
- normal development and growth
- protein synthesis in the brain of the fetus and infant
- normal development of neurons
- childhood growth
- facilitates the action of growth hormone and the sympathetic nervous system