2S [LAB]: Intro to Serology

Question 1

Branch of immunology which is concerned with Ag-Ab reactions in vitro

Answer 1

Serology

Question 2

Used to detect presence of antigen/s or antibody/ies in serum for detection of diseases

Answer 2

Serology

Question 3

States that free reactants are in equilibrium with bound reactants

Answer 3

Law of Mass of Action

Question 4

The initial force of attraction that exist between a single Fab site and a single epitope

Answer 4

Affinity

Question 5

Sum of all the attractive forces between an antigen and an antibody

Answer 5

Avidity

Question 6

Type of antigen-antibody reaction:

The noncovalent, reversible intermolecular interactions between antigen and Fab region of an Ab

Answer 6

Primary reaction

Question 7

Type of antigen-antibody reaction:

Reactions that occur following antigen-antibody binding

Answer 7

Secondary reaction

Question 8

Type of antigen-antibody reaction:

Include in vivo biological expressions of antibody reactivity resulting from either their primary or secondary interactions with the antigen

Answer 8

Tertiary reaction

Question 9

Assays that use labels for quantification of antigen-antibody reaction

Answer 9

Labeled immunoassays

Question 10

Main advantage of labeled immunoassay

Answer 10

Quantification of antigen-antibody reaction

Question 11

Serologic principle involving the aggregation of soluble antigens in the presence of specific antibodies

Answer 11

Precipitation

Question 12

Required number of binding sites in precipitation reaction

Answer 12

at least two

Question 13

A measure of the turbidity or cloudiness of a solution

Answer 13

Turbidimetry

Question 14

Measures the light that is scattered at a particular angle from the incident beam as it passes through a suspension

Answer 14

Nephelometry

Question 15

A type of immunoprecipitation that is a quick qualitative test for the presence of antigen-antibody complexes

Answer 15

Precipitin ring test

Question 16

A type of immunoprecipitation that involves the simultaneous migration of antigens and antibodies toward each other through an agar gel matrix

Answer 16

Gel precipitation test

Question 17

Almost similar to precipitation which involves the agitation of the suspension of non-cellular antigens and their antibodies thus producing a flocculent mass or precipitate

Answer 17

Flocculation

Question 18

The number of multivalent sites of antigen and antibody are approximately equal

Answer 18

Zone of equivalence

Question 19

Phenomenon that refers to the diffusion of antigen and/or antibodies until the antigen and antibodies meet in the correct proportion and then precipitate out of solution

Answer 19

Immunodiffusion

Question 20

Earliest gel precipitation techniques

Answer 20

Single Linear Immunodiffusion

Question 21

Single Linear Immunodiffusion is developed by ___

Answer 21

James Oudin

Question 22

End point method of single radial immunodiffusion

Answer 22

Mancini method

Question 23

Kinetic method of single radial immunodiffusion

Answer 23

Fahey and McKelvey

Question 24

A precipitation technique where the antigen and antibody are placed parallel to each other and diffuse through a gel medium until they meet at an equivalence ratio

Answer 24

Double simple immunodiffusion

Question 25

AKA double diffusion, double immunodiffusion, or double angular immunodiffusion

Answer 25

Ouchterlony method

Question 26

Ouchterlony method is based on diffusion of how many reagents?

Answer 26

Three

Question 27

Rocket immunoelectrophoresis is developed by ___

Answer 27

Laurell

Question 28

AKA voltage facilitated double immunodiffusion

Answer 28

Counter immunoelectrophoresis

Question 29

Immunofixation electrophoresis was first described by ___

Answer 29

Alper and Johnson

Question 30

Sample used in immunofixation electrophoresis in multiple sclerosis diagnosis

Answer 30

CSF

Question 31

Sample used in immunofixation electrophoresis in multiple myeloma

Answer 31

Urine

Question 32

If an immunofixation electrophoresis has a faint band, this is indicative of ___

Answer 32

Hypogammaglobulinemia

Question 33

If an immunofixation electrophoresis has a dark band, this is indicative of ___

Answer 33

Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia

Question 34

If an immunofixation electrophoresis has a dark and narrow band, this is indicative of ___

Answer 34

Monoclonal bands (MM, WM)

Question 35

Serologic principle involving the aggregation of particulate antigens in the presence of a specific antibodies

Answer 35

Agglutination

Question 36

Agglutination reaction that uses known antigen intrinsic in clinical sample or from unknown samples of microorganisms

Answer 36

Direct agglutination

Question 37

Principle of widal test

Answer 37

Direct agglutination

Question 38

Principle of rheumatoid factor test

Answer 38

Indirect/ Passive agglutination

Question 39

Agglutination reaction that uses known antigen which has been coated with particles to detect unknown antibodies

Answer 39

Indirect/ Passive agglutination

Question 40

Indirect agglutination that utilizes a known antigen that coats on latex or other inert particles to identify antibodies on a patient's serum

Answer 40

Classic passive agglutination

Question 41

Indirect agglutination wherein the antibody is covalently linked to the carrier particle and mixed with a patient's serum in order to detect the presence of the unknown antigen or other immune factors

Answer 41

Reverse passive agglutination

Question 42

An agglutination reaction based on competitive binding assay

Answer 42

Agglutination-inhibition reaction

Question 43

An agglutination reaction wherein a known antibody is made to react with serum to detect presence of antigens then antigen-coated latex particle is added to check for sensitization

Answer 43

Agglutination-inhibition reaction

Question 44

A type of serologic reaction wherein specific antibodies as they bind to their corresponding antigens are able to block the chemical activity of biologic effects of the antigen

Answer 44

Neutralization

Question 45

First phase of complement fixation test

Answer 45

Bacteriolytic phase

Question 46

In the bacteriolytic phase of complement fixation test, the reagent is ___

Answer 46

Bacteria coated with antigen

Question 47

In the bacteriolytic phase of complement fixation test, the complement is sourced from ___

Answer 47

Guinea pig serum

Question 48

In the indicator phase of complement fixation test, the reagent is ___

Answer 48

Sheep RBC with anti-sheep RBC

Question 49

Electrophoretic counterpart of Oudin test

Answer 49

Rocket immunoelectrophoresis