3S [LEC]: Hypersensitivity Reaction Flashcards
1
Q
Heightened state of immune responsiveness
A
Hypersensitivity
2
Q
Exaggerated response to a harmless antigen that results to an injury in the tissue, disease, or even death
A
Hypersensitivity
3
Q
Also known as anaphylactic hypersensitivity
A
Type I Hypersensitivity
4
Q
IgE-mediated hypersensitivity
A
Type I Hypersensitivity
5
Q
Happens when Ag induces crosslinking of IgE bound to mast cells and basophils with release of vasoactive mediators
A
Type I Hypersensitivity
6
Q
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Hay fever
A
Type I
7
Q
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Asthma
A
Type I
8
Q
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Hives
A
Type I
9
Q
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Food allergies
A
Type I
10
Q
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Eczema
A
Type I
11
Q
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Blood transfusion reactions
A
Type II
12
Q
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Erythroblastosis fetalis
A
Type II
13
Q
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
A
Type II
14
Q
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Serum sickness
A
Type III
15
Q
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Necrotizing fascitis
A
Type III
16
Q
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Glomerulonephritis
A
Type III
17
Q
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Rheumatoid arthritis
A
Type III
18
Q
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Systemic lupus erythematosus
A
Type III
19
Q
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Contact dermatitis
A
Type IV
20
Q
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Tubercular lesions
A
Type IV
21
Q
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Graft rejection
A
Type IV
22
Q
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Leprosy
A
Type IV
23
Q
IgG-mediated cytotoxic hypersensitivity
A
Type II Hypersensitivity
24
Q
Happens when antibodies directed against cell membrane antigens mediates cell destruction via complement activation or ADCC
A
Type II Hypersensitivity
25
Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity
Type III Hypersensitivity
26
Happens when Ag-Ab complexes deposited in various tissues induce complement activation and ensuring inflammatory response mediated by massive infiltration of neutrophils
Type III Hypersensitivity
27
Cell-mediated hypersensitivity
Type IV Hypersensitivity
28
Happens when sensitized TDTH cells release cytokines that activate macrophages or TC cells which mediate direct cellular damage
Type IV Hypersensitivity
29
Which hypersensitivity reaction/s involved complement activation?
Type II & III
30
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Myasthenia gravis
Type II
31
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Goodpasture's syndrome
Type II
32
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Grave's disease
Type II
33
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Arthus reaction
Type III
34
Identify the type of hypersensitivity:
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Type IV
35
Hypersensitivity reaction involving Th2 cells
Type I
36
Antigens that trigger type I hypersensitivity
Allergens
37
Persons who have a propensity to develop allergies
Atopic
38
Causes rapid vascular leakages and mucosal secretion that leads to inflammation
Type I Hypersensitivity
39
Cytokines responsible in type I hypersensitivity
IL4, IL13
40
Principle effector cells of immediate hypersensitivity
Mast cells
41
Immune cells activated after the first exposure to allergen in a type I hypersensitivity
Th2, Tfh
42
T/F: In type I hypersensitivity, bivalent and multivalent allergens can trigger the reaction
T
43
Primary mediators of type I hypersensitivity
Histamine
44
Happens when type I hypersensitivity releases cytokines
Late phase reaction
45
T/F: Primary mediators of type I hypersensitivity are more potent that secondary mediators
F
46
Most common form of atopy
Rhinitis
47
Identify the clinical syndrome caused by type I hypersensitivity:
Increased mucus secretion; inflammation of upper airways, sinuses
Allergic rhinitis sinusitis (hay fever)
48
Identify the clinical syndrome caused by type I hypersensitivity:
Increased peristalsis due to contraction of intestinal muscles
Food allergies
49
Identify the clinical syndrome caused by type I hypersensitivity:
Bronchial hyper-responsiveness caused by smoot muscle contraction
Bronchial asthma
50
Identify the clinical syndrome caused by type I hypersensitivity:
Inflammation and tissue injury caused by late phase reaction
Bronchial asthma
51
Identify the clinical syndrome caused by type I hypersensitivity:
Fall in blood pressure caused by vascular dilation
Anaphylaxis
52
Identify the clinical syndrome caused by type I hypersensitivity:
Airway obstruction due to laryngeal edema
Anaphylaxis
53
The most severe type of allergic response
Anaphylaxis
54
Causes vascular smooth muscle contraction; increases cardiac output; inhibits mast cell degranulation
Epinephrine
55
Reduces inflammation and relaxes bronchial smooth muscles
Corticosteroids
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
56
Inhibits mast cell degranulation
Cromolyn
57
Test for type I hypersensitivity that detects hypersensitivity to a wide variety of inhaled or food allergens
Percutaneous tests
58
In percutaneous test, the distance of antigens from each other is ___
2-2.5 cm
59
Negative control used in percutaneous test
Diluent
60
Positive control used in percutaneous test
Histamine
61
The wheal and flare reaction observed in percutaneous test is considered positive in what size and within how many minutes?
3-4 mm within 15-20 mins
62
A more sensitive approach of in-vivo skin test that is usually done if the patient is negative for prick test
Intradermal test
63
A test for type I hypersensitivity that screens for the total serum IgE
Radioimmunosorbent test (RIST)
64
A test for type I hypersensitivity that is more specific and sensitive
Radioallergosorbent test (RAST)
65
A test for type I hypersensitivity that measures allergen-specific IgE
Radioallergosorbent test (RAST)
66
Total IgE values in RIST and RAST are reported in what unit of measure?
kilo international unites (IU) per liter
67
One IU is equivalent to a concentration of ___ ng of protein per milliliter
2.4
68
An allergen utilized in tests for type I hypersensitivity that is more sensitive than crude antigens
Recombinant allergens
69
A test for type I hypersensitivity that allows for parallel detection of IgE antibodies to more than 100 potential allergens using only 20uL of patient serum
Microarray format
70
Identify the clinical syndrome caused by type II hypersensitivity:
Targets proteins in intercellular junctions of epidermal cells
Pemphigus vulgaris
70
Identify the clinical syndrome caused by type II hypersensitivity:
Targets non-collagenous protein in basement membranes of kidney glomeruli and lung alveoli
Goodpasture's syndrome
71
Identify the clinical syndrome caused by type II hypersensitivity:
Inhibition of acetylcholine binding
Myasthenia gravis
72
Identify the clinical syndrome caused by type II hypersensitivity:
Targets TSH receptor, causing antibody-mediated stimulation of TSH receptors
Graves' disease
73
Identify the clinical syndrome caused by type II hypersensitivity:
Targets the intrinsic factor of gastric parietal cells
Pernicious anemia
74
Tests for type II hypersensitivity
Detection of cold agglutinins
Coomb's test
75
A type of hypersensitivity caused by the deposition of immune complexes in blood vessel walls and tissue
Type III
76
A type of hypersensitivity where soluble antigens are involved
Type III
77
A localized type III hypersensitivity reaction that is found with high IgG specific to a particular antigen after repetitive exposure
Arthus reaction
78
May happen with frequent tetanus vaccination with shorter than recommended interval period
Arthus reaction
79
Test for type III hypersensitivity that detects complement fixing antibodies and circulating immunocomplexes, which uses lymphoblastoid cells
Raji Cell Assay
80
Immune cells activated in type IV hypersensitivity that releases cytokines
Th1 cells
81
Immune cell that recruits macrophages and other immune cells in type IV hypersensitivity
Th1 cells
82
In type IV hypersensitivity, how much time is required before signs and symptoms show after initial exposure?
48-72 hours
83
Type of hypersensitivity that may lead to granuloma formation
Type IV
84
Which immune cell is important in the detection of contact dermatitis?
CD8+ T cells
85
Happens when small molecules react with proteins in the skin to form antigens which provoke a cell-mediated immune response
Contact dermatitis
86
A test for M. tuberculosis that detects previous exposure to the pathogen
PPD (Purified Protein Derivative) test/ Mantoux test
87
In the Mantoux test, what is the size of the induration to be considered positive?
15 mm (no risk factors)
10 mm (high risk)
88
The Mantoux test results are observed after how many days?
2-3 days
89
Patients with deficient cell-mediated immunity will display ___
Anergy
